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ThesisItem Open Access Artificial groundwater recharge planning for Jamrani and Command using GIS and remote sensing, water table, soil mapping, surveys(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2011-05) Singh, Raj Kishore; Sharma, H.C.The ever-increasing demand of water has resulted in over-exploitation of groundwater resource, causing continuous decline in water table in various parts of the country in general and Jamrani Dam Command in particular. Therefore there is an urgent need of artificial groundwater recharge planning. A soil map of the Jamrani Dam Command area was prepared and their morphological, physical and chemical characteristics were studied. A total of 20 distinct soil series were identified, in the study area. To study the groundwater behaviour and changes took place during the period of 20 years i.e. from 1990 to 2010; the water table data were recorded in the study area. The pre-monsoon and postmonsoon depths to water table data during the year 1990 varied from 1.27 m to 7.94 m , 0.29 m to 4.75 m, respectively, whereas for the year 2010 it varied from 1.42 m to 8.63 m and 0.53 m to 5.27 m, respectively. Keeping this in view, the contour maps of groundwater table depth were prepared, for the years 1990 and 2010, to know the decline of water table in different parts of Jamrani Dam Command. On the basis of the present trend of groundwater exploitation it can be said that in future more and more area will fall under dark category creating conditions of groundwater mining. In the present study, the physico-chemical properties of groundwater of shallow aquifer and their suitability for drinking, irrigation and industrial uses were studied. The physico-chemical properties of ground water of study area were determined using standard methods of water quality analysis. Comprehensive and proper groundwater recharge plan for the identified landforms with their prevailing geomorphic features in the study area has been suggested to maintain the groundwater at a safe and desired level in future in the Jamrani Dam Command. Various water recharging structures namely: series of check dams, percolation tanks, farm ponds and nallah bunds are most possible techniques for recharging groundwater aquifer by utilizing excess water available during monsoon season in the form of runoff obtained from the land surface. Geographic information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing were applied to the study area to delineate different land uses from the satellite imageries (IRS-1D). The study area delineated from the S.O.I. toposheets was also classified into nine land use classes i.e. agricultural land, grass land, water body, scrub land and forest etc. The study employed a GIS based DRASTIC model to determine the vulnerability of groundwater to contamination in Jamrani Dam Command and its surrounding areas. The vulnerable zones were classified into five classes i.e. very low, low, moderate, high and very high zones. Most of the command area was found under very high or moderate vulnerable zone because various chemicals are discharged into open drains from the sugar, paper and pulp, brewing and food industries, and other household, which had led to the pollution of shallow aquifers in the study area. This is the major cause of concern for the people living in Jamrani Dam Command. The DRASTIC model, which is used for preparing the pollution potential map, can be used as a screening tool to see whether a particular area is more or less vulnerable to groundwater pollution so that proper pollution control measures can be adopted.