Loading...
Theses
Browse
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Effect of silicon dioxide nanoparticles on micropropagation and metabolomics of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa duch.)(G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 2022-03) Pradyot, Nalini; Rai, RatnaMicrobial contamination and oxidative stress induced damage are the two most limiting factors in micropropagation, which not only reduce the plantlet quality but also affect the survival rate during acclimatization. Nanoparticles (NPs) due to their unique properties exhibit broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against pathogens and also enhance the growth and development of plants by assisting in protection against abiotic stresses. The present investigation was carried out at G.B.P.U.A. & T., Pantnagar, during the year 2017-21, to study the various effects of SiO2 NPs on micropropagation of strawberry cv. Chandler. For explant sterilization, different concentrations of SiO2 NPs (50-1000 ppm) were either used through priming or directly inoculated in the MS medium. For growth studies, explants were multiplied in MS media supplemented with various concentrations of SiO2 NPs (50-200 ppm) along with PGRs. The results showed that lowest contaminate rate was observed in explants inoculated in MS medium containing SiO₂ NPs @ 200 ppm. Highest number and length of shootlets, highest number of roots, maximum shoot and root biomass and 100 per cent survival rate of plantlets during acclimatization was observed in plantlets obtained from 150 ppm SiO2 NPs incorporated growth medium. Improved RWC and enhanced production of chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline and antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GPX, APX and GR activity was also observed in plantlets cultured in 150 ppm SiO2 NPs containing growth medium as compared to control. It was also evident from the metabolomics data, that plantlets obtained from 150 ppm SiO2 NPs media showed an increase in various sugars, amino acids and organic acids concentration as compared tocontrol during different developmental stages. Thus, it can be concluded that SiO2 NPs was highly effective in controlling contamination and enhanced the efficiency of micropropagation by reducing the cost of in vitro cultures and improving stress tolerance in plantlets as compared to conventional micropropagation methods.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic divergence studies for yield and yield attributes in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.](G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2022-06) Belwal, Ankita; Singh, J.P.Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is a leguminous vegetable crop mainly grown in both kharif, spring and summer season in most parts of India. Cowpea is an essential component of sustainable cropping systems in the sub-humid tropics and generally, dries regions across the globe. Though, wide genetic diversity exists in this crop with regards to the yield and yield contributing characters. Forty genotypes (IC-559405, IC-628893, Kashi Gauri, IC-628900, COPBVAR-3, IC- 202826, IC-628899, IC-628895, EC-97306, EC-390241, IC-628897, EC-19736, EC-528382, Kashi Unnati, EC-390216, EC-390223, IC-202718, IC-202824, COPBVAR-2, IC-51154, EC-472272, IC-337932, IC-536635, IC-202790, IC-201098, EC-37588, PVCP-21, EC-572715 EC-202858, IC-628894, EC-390628, EC-97738, IC-209711, IC-331250, IC-201095, WB-9, COPBVAR-4 and COPBVAR-6) with two check varieties Pusa Komal and Kashi Kanchan were evaluated in Randomized block design during Kharif season 2021 at the vegetable research centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, to study the twenty one growth and yield related characters namely., Growth Pattern, Leaf size, Pod shape, Pod colour, Seed colour, Plant height (cm), Number of primary branches, Days to first flowering, Days to 50% flowering, Days to first pod emergence, Days to first pod maturity, Number of pods per cluster, Number of seeds per pod, Pod length, Green pod weight, 100 seed weight, Number of pods per plant, Number of pods per plot, Green pod yield per plant, Green pod yield per plot, Green pod yield per hectare and five quality characters namely protein content, total phenols, ash content, antioxidant activity and elemental analysis. The pooled data were subjected to statistical analysis. The result of analysis of variance revealed that difference among cowpea genotypes was highly significant for all the characters. The highest value of PCV and GCV obtained for plant height followed by green pod yield per plant. High heritability and high genetic advance as percentage of mean reported in the character plant height (cm) followed by green pod yield per plant. High positive significant correlation for green pod yield per hectare (q) reported by pod length (cm), 100 seed weight (g), number of pods per plot, number of pods per plant, green pod weight, green pod yield per plant and green pod yield per plot. Path coefficient analysis showed positive direct effect on green pod yield per hectare (q) was exhibited by green pod yield per plot, days to 50% flowering, 100 seed weight. Analysis of quality characters indicated that cowpea served as excellent source of protein and good source of minerals and antioxidants. On the basis of the study conducted, it was concluded that there was a wide range of variance between the genotypes which was considered as scope for improving the cowpea cultivar through selection. Selection based on the characters like plant height (cm), pod length (cm), number of pods per plant, green pod yield per plant will substantially increase the yield. Out of forty genotypes EC-572715, EC-390216, WB-9, IC-628899, COPBVAR-3, EC-97306, EC-390216, IC-628899, EC472272, COPBVAR-3, EC-390241, COPBVAR-6 and Kashi Kanchan yields were found to be superior and some genotypes namely., EC-572715, EC-390216, WB-9, IC-628899, COPBVAR-3, COPBVAR -6 and Kashi Kanchan are identified as promising ones for their performance for yield related characters and can be used for the improvement of the cowpea cultivars in breeding programmes.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Silica Oxide Concentrations on Vegetative Growth, Flowering and Corm Attributes of Gladiolus under Tarai Conditions(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2022-07) Fartiyal, Pooja; Bhuj, B.DThe present experiment was conducted at Model Floriculture Centre, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, during 2020-21. Experiment was laid out in factorial concept of randomized block design (RBD) in open field conditions. The objectives of investigation were to study the effect of silica oxide on growth, flowering, corms, cormels and vase life of gladiolus. The treatments used for soil application were pre-planting soil application of SiO2 (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha) and for foliar application suspension was made of the same in water at 0% (water spray), 1% (4.7 g/m2), 2%(9.4 g/m2 ) and 3% (14.1 g/m2) of silica oxide and were sprayed at 30 and 60 days after planting. The medium sized (4.0- 4.5cm) corms were used as experimental material of gladiolus cultivar viz. “Rose Supreme”. The results revealed that most of the vegetative parameters like plant height, number of leaves and flowering parameters viz., days to spike initiation and flowering, floret size, spike and rachis length, number of floret per spike as well as vase life and corm and cormel parameters were found highly affected by the silicon oxide and were found to be best with the combined application of silica oxide as 75kg/ha soil application with 3% foliar application of silica dioxide. The number of corms, weight and diameter of corm, numbers of cormels and weight of cormels were also improved with the same treatment. Leaf nutrient analysis revealed higher concentration of silicon in the leaves at first floret colour showing stage which help in quality enhancement. hence, it is inferred that the combined application of silicon oxide (soil and foliar application) effectively enhanced the quantity and quality of gladiolus flowers, corms and cormels.ThesisItem Open Access Response of plant growth retardant (Mepiquat Chloride 5% AS) in Chilli cv. Pusa Jwala(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-12) Chauhan, Mukesh Singh; Manoj RaghavThe present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the “Response of Plant Growth Retardant (Mepiquat Chloride 5% AS) in Chilli cv. Pusa Jwala” at Vegetable Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar (Uttarakhand) during kharif season of 2021. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replication and seven treatments. During the study, observation on plant height at 30, 45, 60 DAT, number of branches per plant, leaf area at, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content, number of fruits/plant, average fruit length, average fruit weight , yield / plant, yield per plot, and gross yield/ ha , total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content and ascorbic acid: total soluble solids ratio were recorded. The findings of present investigation revealed that the performance of chilli cv. Pusa Jwala was significantly influenced by different plant growth retardant treatments. Among all treatments, Plant Growth Retardant Mepiquat Chloride 5 % AS @ 1500 ml/ha at 15 days before initiation of flowering followed by 2nd spray at initiation of flowering (T6) was found best with respect to overall plant growth, yield and quality parameters with a total yield (59.65 q/ha). Based on overall performance, it could be concluded that under prevalent climatic conditions of Uttarakhand tarai region, plant growth retardant mepiquat chloride 5 % AS @ 1500 ml/ha at 15 days before initiation of flowering followed by 2nd spray at initiation of flowering is the best in terms of higher yield of chilli cv. Pusa Jwala. Hence, recommended for commercial cultivation, provided all other scientific management practices are followed.ThesisItem Open Access Growth, flowering and post-harvest life of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.) cv. Thai Chen Queen in response to organic and biodynamic manures(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-09) Syed Khudus; Ajit KumarThe present investigation was carried out at Model Floriculture Centre, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during 2018-19 and 2019-20 to assess the impact of organic and biodynamic manures on growth, flowering and post-harvest life of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.) cv. Thai Chen Queen. Therefore, current investigation was setup with an experiment laid out in RBD with sixteen treatments replicated thrice. Different combinations of biodynamic manures (Panchagavya and Jivamrita) were used in this experiment ranging from 1-10% concentrations levels of Panchagavya and 10-50% concentrations levels of Jivamrita along with common basal dose of biofertilizers which includes Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Phosphorous solubilizing bacteria and Potash bacteria along with vermicompost and farmyard manure. Multiple observations were recorded on vegetative growth, flowering and yield parameters, post-harvest attributes of cut flowers and soil nutrient and microbiological attributes. Results demonstrated that during both the years, the treatment T7 (6% Panchagavya + common basal dose) was found most superior than other treatments and resulted in higher plant height (35.6, 46.2 and 51.7 cm) at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting, plant spread (37.2 cm), higher number of branches (6.9), longest length of branches (15.6 cm) and maximum chlorophyll content (a, b and total). This treatment also exhibited with improved flowering traits like days to first bud initiation (45 days), bud diameter (2.54 cm), No. of buds/plant (40), No. of cut flowers/plant (7.49), flower diameter (12.04 cm), days to flowering (51.7 days), No. of cut flowers/ha (‘000 Nos.) (299.5), flower weight (14.4 g), duration of flowering (36 days), length of flower stalk (24.90), stem diameter (35.70 mm), days taken from colour showing stage to harvesting stage (25.5 days). The significant differences were obtained in post-harvest attributes in the treatment T7 (6% Panchagavya + common basal dose) which includes initial weight after harvesting from field (30.1 g), final flower weight (16.9 g) after keeping in vase solution, initial flower diameter in vase solution (10.9 cm), final flower diameter (13.1 cm) in vase solution, increase in flower diameter (2.1 cm), water uptake by flowers (64.0 mL) and vase life (23 days) of cut flowers. Effect of biodynamic manures on soil physico-chemical properties, nutrient status N, P and K (286.3, 25.1 and 214.1 kg h-1) and microbiological attributes like bacterial (289 x 105), fungal (140 x 105) and actinomycetes (146 x 105) populations along with N-fixers (72.5 x 104) and P-solubilizers (161.5 x 103) were also enriched with the treatment of T7 (6% Panchagavya + common basal dose). Soil metagenomic analysis revealed that beds applied with the 6% Panchagavya + common basal dose has favoured the acid producing and nutrient mobilizing microbial diversity, which ultimately supported the plant growth, physiology and productivity of chrysanthemum. Moreover, among all the treatments, gross returns, net returns and B:C ratio (3.32:1 and 3.34:1) were also recorded as highest in the same treatment applied with 6% Panchagavya + common basal dose during both the years 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. Hence, after some field trial testing this treatment could be used by the farmers to grow chrysanthemum commercially in a sustainable, economic, ecofriendly manner.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of genetic variation in turmeric (Curcuma longa) germplasm(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-11) Devli, Pranjali; Singh, DhirendraThe present studies were carried out at Vegetable Research Centre (VRC) of the University, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during kharif season of year 2020-21. Total of 38 turmeric genotypes were studied including 3 check varieties Pant Peetabh ,Sugandham and Narendra Haldi. The design of the experiment was laid out in Augmented Block Design . 38 genotypes were arranged in 7 blocks of 5 genotypes in each along with 3 check varieties. From each plot 5 plants were randomly selected and tagging was done for further observational recordings of growth yield parameters and morphological parameters. Data was compiled and it was fed to statistical analysis. Basic variability parameters like mean, range, and coefficient of variation and genetic variability parameters like PCV, GCV, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient and path coefficient analysis were used for assessing the presence of variability in the experimental material. All characters were recorded PCV higher than GCV, but it is found that difference between the PCV and GCV was comparatively low for some characters suggesting characters mainly governed by genes and less affected by the environment. Heritability estimates of 9 characters ranged from 65.85% to 97.01%. Highest heritability was observed for Plant height (97.01%) and lowest for fresh rhizome yield (65.85%). Highest value of genetic advance was observed for fresh rhizome yield (146.89%) and Highest value of genetic gain was observed for number of mother rhizome (69.28%) and lowest for plant leaf lamina width (21.73%). Fresh rhizome yield showed a highly significant and positive correlation with number of leaves per plant (0.986), width of mother rhizome (0.491) and plant height (0.413). Non-significant and negative correlation was found with plant leaf lamina width and plant leaf lamina width. Number of leaves per plant (0.96573) has shown to exert highly positive direct effect on fresh rhizome yield. Characters such as plant leaf lamina length (-0.03592), plant height (-0.02249) and rhizome length (-0.02122) showed negative direct effect on fresh rhizome yield. The highest positive indirect effect on fresh rhizome yield was observed by width of mother rhizome (0.45736) which was followed by Plant height (0.38008), rhizome length (0.34555) and number of mother rhizome (0.25855) via number of leaves per plant. Based on the observations, it was concluded that in present study the important characters are plant height, number of leaves per plant, length of mother rhizome and width of mother rhizome. Genotype NYST-5 (654.16 q/ha) and NDH -35 (508.33 q/ha) found superior to check variety Pant Peetabh (452.77 q/ha), as they have superiority in these mentioned characters and such genotypes can be explored in breeding programme for further improvement of the turmeric crop. Genotypes such as NDH-129 (445.83 q/ha), Baga Haldi (441.66 q/ha) and Narendra Haldi-43 (379.16 q/ha) also showed high yield, which can be utilized in genetic improvement of rhizome yield in turmeric.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of split application of different levels of NPK through drip fertigation on growth and flowering of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-09) Choudhary, Ashok; Ajit KumarThe present investigation was conducted during 2019-20 and 2020-21 at Model Floriculture Centre, Department of Horticulture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with five treatments and four replications. The water soluble fertilizer and straight fertilizers were used which were applied through drip system and soil application. The treatments used were NPK @ 100:150:100 kg/ha/year (T1 i.e. control), NPK @ 100:150:100 kg/ha/year (T2), NPK @100:150:100 kg/ha/year (T3), NPK @ 75:112.5:75 kg/ha/year (T4) and NPK @ 75:112.5:75 kg/ha/year (T5). Observations were recorded on vegetative growth, flowering, post-harvest life and soil nutrient status. Results revealed that treatment T3 was found most superior than other treatments and resulted in higher plant height, maximum plant spread, number of primary branches, number of leaves (181.34) and length of branch. This treatment also showed improved flowering traits like earliest flower bud appearance (48.24 days), flower bud diameter, number of flowers per branch, flower buds per plant, 50 per cent flowering, flower diameter (9.02 cm), duration of flowering (47.46 days), yield of flowers, weight of cut flower, number of cut flowers per plant (11.03), number of cut flowers per hectare (5,26,990.00), chlorophyll content a, b as well as total chlorophyll and carotene content. The significant differences were obtained in post-harvest traits viz., weight of flower bud, final weight of flower in vase, diameter of flower, final diameter of flower in vase, amount of water absorbed (96.83 mL), vase life (14.88 days) and shelf life (7.17 days). For soil nutrient status, maximum organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and maximum B:C ratio were observed under T3 treatment and treatment T1 recorded minimum values of all of the above parameters.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of water retainer and irrigation levels on growth, yield and water use efficiency of broccoli(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-09) Nainwal, Bhaskar; Bhatt, LalitThe present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effect of water retainer and irrigation levels on growth, yield and water use efficiency of broccoli at Vegetable Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) during rabi season in year 2019-20. Water Retainer is a water soluble liquid, which is sprayed on the surface of soil after mixing it with water, it conserves and increases soil moisture by preventing evaporation of water from the soil surface and improves water holding capacity of a soil. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design consisting of twelve treatments replicated thrice, including three doses of water retainer i.e., 1 ml, 2 ml and 3 ml per m2 applied under three irrigations levels viz. irrigation at 100, 75 and 50 percent of crop water requirement were tested along with three controls i.e., irrigation at 100, 75 and 50 percent of crop requirement. The findings of present study revealed that performance of broccoli was significantly influenced by different doses of water retainer and irrigation levels. For plant growth characters, 100 percent irrigation level with 3 ml/m2 of water retainer was best with respect to plant height, stalk length and fresh and dry weight. Maturity parameters was best in case of 75 percent irrigation with 3 ml/m2 water retainer whereas, irrigation with 50 percent of crop need along with 3 ml/m2 of water retainer was best in terms of water use efficiency (176.26 kg ha-1 mm-1). Water retainer dose of 3 ml/m2 and 100 percent irrigation was found superior in terms of getting maximum yield of 145.17 q/ha. Based on the overall performance, it could be concluded that, incorporation of water retainer at the rate of 1 ml/m2 with irrigation at 75 percent of crop requirement was observed better with respect to water use efficiency (127.81 kg ha-1 mm-1), yield (139.23 q/ha) and benefit cost ratio (3.27). Hence, recommended for commercial cultivation at farmers’ fields under water stress or rainfed situation.ThesisItem Open Access Scheduling deficit irrigation with mulching for improving water productivity, yield and fruit quality in guava cv. VNR Bihi(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-10) Jat, Rajkumar; Singh, V.P.The present investigation was conducted at Horticulture Research Centre, Patharchatta of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand for two consecutive years (2019-20 and 2020-21) to study ‘Scheduling deficit irrigation with mulching for improving water productivity, yield and fruit quality in guava cv. VNR Bihi’. The treatments consisted of three levels of irrigation (100, 75 and 50% ETc) and four mulch types (silver-black, black, organic mulch and without mulch) analyzed in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The results depicted that maximum plant height, plant spread (E-W and N-S), canopy volume, stem girth and leaf area were recorded in plants irrigated with FI (full irrigation at 100% ETc) followed by DI75 (deficit irrigation at 75% ETc). However, yield parameters such as fruit number per plant, fruit weight and fruit yield per plant were recorded maximum in DI75 followed by FI. Fruit quality attributes such as total soluble solids, total sugars, reducing sugars, non reducing sugars, total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity decreased with increase in irrigation regime from DI50 to FI during both the years. Water use efficiency decreased with increase in irrigation regime from 50% ETc to 100% ETc. However, water productivity increased with increase in irrigation regime from 50% ETc to 100% ETc. The leaf nutrient (N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) analysis showed that the highest concentration of the nutrients was registered with full irrigation followed by deficit irrigation at 75% ETc. The different mulch types i.e. silver-black, black and organic mulch (paddy straw) significantly influenced the growth, yield and fruit quality attributes of guava during both the years of study. The higher plant vegetative growth with maximum fruit number per plant, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, fruit quality attributes and water use efficiency registered with silver-black mulch followed by black mulch. However, leaf nutrients (N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn), available soil NPK and soil microbial population were recorded maximum under organic mulch followed by silver-black mulch. Apart from that, the different mulches significantly reduced weed density and weed biomass of guava trees as compared with unmulched during both the years of experimentation. Thus, it can be concluded that application of deficit irrigation at 75% ETc along with silver-black mulch during fruit growth period had imposed desirable water stress on guava plants thereby improving water productivity, yield and quality. Therefore, it could be a better option for guava cultivation in tarai conditions of Uttarakhand, India.
