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Open Access
Variability studies on Pea (Pisum sativum L.) germplasm under Tarai region of Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-11) Mohanty, Atri Tapaswini; Verma, Alka
The present investigation entitled “Variability studies on Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Germplasm Under Tarai region of Uttarakhand " was conducted at Vegetable Research Centre G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar ( Uttarakhand) during rabi season of 2018-19. The experiment was laid out in Augmented Block Design II consisting of fifty four genotypes including three checks viz., Pant Uphar, PSM-3 and PSM-6. During the study, observations are recorded for twelve growth, yield and two quality characters viz., days to 50% germination, days to 1st picking, numbers of pods per plant, avg. Pod weight, pod diameter, pod length, numbers of seeds per pod, weight of green seed per pod, shelling percentage, plant height, yield per hectare, TSS (total soluble solids), foliage color, pod color, pod curvature, mature seed shape. The study on variability, heritability in broad sense, genetic advance as percentage of mean, correlation and path coefficient analysis were carried out. Analysis of variance revealed that all the characters under study showed highly significant differences. High heritability in broad sense along with high genetic advance as percentage of mean were observed for the traits viz., yield per hectare, plant height and shelling percentage. Based on results, it was found that the characters like pod length, days to 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, weight of green seeds per pod, shelling percentage were found to be highly significantly associated with pod yield per hectare at both genotypic and phenotypic level. The higher magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic positive direct effect on pod yield per hectare was observed for weight of green seed per pod followed by pod diameter, number of seed per pod, shelling percentage, plant height. Among the check varieties, PSM-6 gave higher yield than Pant Uphar followed by PSM-3. Based on the present investigation, the early maturing and high yielding genotypes viz., PM-98, PM-204 were promising and can be recommended for direct commercial cultivation in the tarai area of Uttarakhand.
Open Access
Studies on genetic variability in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-11) Nitwal, Renu; Singh, D.K.
The present investigation was carried out in Vegetable Research Center, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar Uttarakhand during summer 2019. Twenty-four genotypes of bitter gourd were grown in randomized block design with three replication including one check (Pant Karela-1) to assess variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient, path coefficient and D2 analysis. Observations were recorded on thirteen quantitative characters viz., days to first male flower, days to first female flower, node number to first male flower, node number to first female flower, days to first harvest, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, average fruit length, average fruit diameter, vine length, internodal length, fruit yield per plant and fruit yield per hectare. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among all the genotypes for all the characters. On the basis of yield contributing characters the following genotypes were found superior than the check (Pant Karela-1) viz., PBIG-10 (172.64 q/ha), PBIG-22 (149 q/ha), PBIG-5 (142.92 q/ha), PBIG-9 (139.89 q/ha), PBIG-8 (134.9 q/ha). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for number of fruit per plant, node number to first male flower, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per hectare and average fruit weight, average fruit length, internodal length, vine length, node to first female flower indicating high opportunity for high selection response. Correlation coefficient studies indicated that Fruit yield per plant exhibit highly significant and positive correlation with number of fruit per plant, average fruit weight, average fruit diameter and vine length, while it showed highly significant and negative correlation with days to first male flower, days to first female flower, node number to first male flower, node number to first female flower and days to first harvest. Path coefficient analysis showed that the highest positive direct effect towards fruit yield per plant contributed by days to first harvest and average fruit weight followed by number of fruit per plant, internodal length, vine length and days to first male flower, whereas negative direct effects on fruit yield per plant was exhibited by days to first female flower, average fruit diameter, node number to first female flower, node number to first male flower, average fruit length. Clustering through D2 analysis revealed maximum inter-cluster distance between cluster III and cluster V (6767.90) followed by cluster II and cluster V (5218.09), thus the genotypes grouped under cluster II, III and V may yield maximum heterosis upon hybridization and also create wide variability including transgressive segregants in selfed generation.
Open Access
Effect of rootstocks and iba on graft success and growth of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) propagated by stenting
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-11) Kanupriya; Uniyal, Shweta
The present investigation was carried out at Horticulture Research Centre, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar (Uttarakhand) during January, 2019 to January, 2020.The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors comprising of two rootstocks (Sharbati and Kabul Green Gage) and six IBA concentrations (Control, 1000 ppm, 1500 ppm, 2000 ppm, 2500 ppm, 3000 ppm). Thus, 12 treatment combinations were tested in three replications. The observations in respect to days to sprouting, duration of sprouting, vegetative growth, rooting and other plant attributes were recorded. Findings of the present investigation revealed that peach cv. Shan-e-Punjab grafted on plum rootstock takes the minimum days to sprouting (26.72 days), minimum sprouting duration (31.78 days), while peach grafted stents showed maximum initial sprouting (80.28%). Plum grafted stents were estimated to be highest in terms of plant height (97.78 cm), stem thickness (11.77 mm), number of leaves (60.55), number of shoots (9.56), fresh weight of shoot (86.85 g), dry weight of shoot (46.12 g), root thickness (9.97 mm), number of primary roots (15.83), number of secondary roots (38.91), length of primary root (39.39 cm), fresh weight of root (63.57 g), dry weight of root (39.42 g), success percentage (43.88%) and minimum mortality percentage (56.11%). Stents treated with 3000 ppm of IBA was found to induce early sprouting (24.17 days), minimum duration of sprouting (30.17 days), maximum sprouting (85.83%), stem thickness (14.57 mm), number of leaves (70.63), maximum number of shoots (12.99), fresh weight of shoot (89.67 g), dry weight of shoot (48.07 g), root thickness (10.82 mm), number of secondary roots (37.60), fresh weight of root (64.41 g), dry weight of root (44.59 g), success percentage (52.50%) and minimum mortality (47.50%). However, stents treated with 2500 and 1500 ppm IBA concentrations recorded maximum plant height (102.75 cm), length of primary root (45.83 cm) and number of primary roots (14.83) respectively. The interaction effect of stents grafted on plum rootstock with 3000 ppm IBA showed minimum days to sprout (23.67 days), sprouting duration (27.67 days), maximum sprouting (88.33%), stem thickness (14.80 mm), number of leaves (75.73) number of shoots (13.67), fresh weight of shoot (94.33 g), dry weight of shoot (51.56 g), number of secondary roots (46.88), length of primary root (50.00 cm), fresh weight of root (68.33 g), dry weight of root (47.60 g), success (65.00%) and minimum mortality (35.00%). While, plum grafted stents treated with 2500 ppm reported maximum plant height (105.50 cm) and root thickness (12.77 mm). However, maximum number of primary roots (14.83 g) were observed in plum grafted stents treated with 1500 ppm. Thus, it can be concluded that stents performed better under plum rootstock with IBA treatment @ 3000 ppm with respect to all vegetative growth and success parameters. Therefore, for the production of superior quality of peach plants cv. Shan-e-Punjab through stenting, the cuttings of Kabul Green Gage plum as a rootstock with the treatment of IBA @ 3000 ppm can be recommended.
Open Access
Effect of Aloe vera based edible coatings on post harvest quality of litchi fruits (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. Rose Scented
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-12) Singh, Bahadur; Singh, Omveer
The present investigation on the “Effect of Aloe vera based edible coatings on post harvest quality of litchi fruits (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. Rose Scented” was conducted in the Post-harvest Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, Collage of Agriculture, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar (Uttarakhand). The main aim of the study was to study the effects of Aloe vera with incorporation of calcium gluconate as texture enhancer and ascorbic acid as an anti-oxidant at varying concentration on physical attributes, bio-chemical attributes and shelf life of litchi fruits. The experiment was conducted on 2-Factorial Completely Randomized Design with 16 treatments and 3 replications. The experiment was carried out under ambient temperature at 27±1oC with 75-80% of relative humidity and under cold storage temperature at 4±1oC with 85-90% of relative humidity in June, 2019. The change in fruit weight, physiological loss in weight, decay percentage, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, total phenolic content, total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and pH were recorded under each treatment over a storage period of nine at ambient and fifteen days at cold storage conditions. At ambient conditions, composite edible coatings of Aloe vera 50% in combination with 4% calcium gluconate as texture enhancer and 2% ascorbic acid as an anti-oxidant was found most effective in reducing weight loss and decay percentage, maintaining physical and bio-chemical attributes and help in increasing shelf life of litchi fruits up to six days. Whereas at low temperature conditions, composite edible coatings of Aloe vera 100% in combination with 3% calcium gluconate as texture enhancer and 2% ascorbic acid as an anti-oxidant was found most effective in reducing weight loss and decay percentage, maintaining physical and bio-chemical attributes and help in increasing shelf life of litchi fruits up to ten days.
Open Access
Effect of split application of nitrogen on growth, yield and quality of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-12) Priyanka; Manoj Raghav
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the “Effect of split applications of nitrogen on growth, yield and quality of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)” at Vegetable Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) during rabi season of 2018-2019. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design consisting of seven treatments with three replications. During the study, observations on per cent emergence at 30 DAP, plant height, number of haulms per hill and haulm diameter at 30, 45 and 60 days after planting (DAP), grade wise number and weight of tubers per plot and total number of tubers with weight of tubers per hectare, harvest index, dry matter content, protein content and specific gravity of tubers, available nitrogen in soil before planting and after harvesting, nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake by haulms, tubers and whole plant, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen apparent recovery was also recorded. Besides this, to assess the profitability of treatments, cost of cultivation, net profit and benefit: cost ratio were also worked out. The findings of present investigation revealed that performance of potato crop was significantly influenced by split application of nitrogen. Among all the treatments, 50% N of RDF as basal + 25% top dressing at 25 DAP + two foliar spray @2% urea at 40 & 55 DAP (T6) was found best with respect to overall plant growth, yield and quality parameters with a total yield (38.67 t ha-1), net profit (` 142677 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.86). Based on overall performance, it could be concluded that under prevalent climatic conditions of Uttarakhand tarai region, 50% N of RDF as basal + 25% top dressing at 25 DAP + two foliar spray @2% urea at 40 & 55 DAP found best in terms of higher yield and economic return in potato. Hence, the same is recommended for commercial cultivation of potato under tarai condition of Uttarakhand, if provided all other scientific management practices are followed.
Open Access
Genetic studies in fenugreek [Trigonella foenum-graecum (L.)]
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-11) Khairiya, Priyanka; Singh, J.P.
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is the third largest seed spice in India (after coriander and cumin). This is one of the oldest cultivated medicinal known plants in recorded history. India is the largest producer of fenugreek in the world. Though, wide genetic variability exists in this crop with regards to yield and its contributing characters. Seventeen genotypes (FGK122, FGK123, FGK124, FGK125, FGK126, FGK127, FGK128, FGK129, FGK130, FGK131, FGK132, FGK133, FGK134, FGK135, FGK136, FGK137 and FGK138) with one check variety (Pant Ragini) of fenugreek were evaluated in Randomized Block Design during Rabi season of 2018-19 at Vegetable Research centre, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, to study the genetic variation for nine growth and yield characters namely, days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), number of seeds per pod, test weight (g), days to maturity and seed yield (kg per plot) and seven quality characters namely, total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, total tannins, total protein, carbohydrates, elementary analysis and antibacterial activity. The pooled data were subjected to statistical analysis. The results of analysis variance revealed that difference among fenugreek genotypes was highly significant for the characters viz., test weight, number of seeds per pod, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, and seed yield. Whereas, significant behaviour was found in pod length, plant height, number of branches per plant and number of pods per plant. The highest value of PCV and GCV obtained for number of pods per plant. High heritability and high genetic advance as percentage of mean reported by test weight (g). Highly positive correlation for seed yield (kg per plot) reported by number of branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and days to maturity. Path coefficient analysis showed positive direct effect on seed yield (kg per plot) was exhibited by number of branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, pod length (cm) and days to maturity. Analysis of quality characters indicated that fenugreek seeds serve as good source of medicine therapeutic use as it has large amount of phenolic and flavonoid content. High amount of calcium and potassium was also found in fenugreek seeds. Fenugreek seeds also serves as a good antibacterial potential because little amount of fenugreek seed extract inhibit the growth of bacteria. On the basis of current analysis, it was concluded that there was a wide range of variance between the genotypes which was considered as scope for improving fenugreek cultivar through selection. Selection based on characters like number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), test weight (g) and number of seeds per pod will substantially increases the yield. Out of eighteen genotypes, FGK124, Pant Ragini, FGK136, FGK137 and FGK132 yields were found to be superior. Genotypes FGK138, FGK134, FGK129, FGK131 and FGK123 showed some better performance for most of the quality parameters.
Open Access
Effect of thinning and shoot pruning for the induction of spring season guava crop
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-11) Gulfiza; Rajesh Kumar
Present investigation was conducted on 9 years old guava trees of cultivar Sardar planted in single row hedge system (4m x 8m) during 2019-20 at Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), Patharchatta, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. The response of various treatment combinations of flower bud thinning and shoot pruning was recorded in all the three seasons of guava i.e., rainy, winter and spring crop. Research experiment consisted of various combinations of flower bud thinning and 3/4th shoot pruning treatments viz., Flower bud thinning in 1st week of May (T1), 3/4th shoot pruning in 1st week of May(T2), Flower bud thinning in 1st week of May followed by 3/4th shoot pruning in last week of June(T3), 3/4th shoot pruning in 1st week of May followed by flower bud thinning in last week of June(T4), Complete fruit thinning in last week of June(T5), Flower bud thinning in 1st week of May followed by flower bud thinning in last week of June(T6), 3/4th shoot pruning in 1st week of May followed by 3/4th shoot pruning in last week of June(T7), 3/4th shoot pruning in 1st week of October(T8) and control(T9). Thus, there were nine treatment combinations replicated three times in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with one plant as a replication unit. During the experiment data was recorded on tree characteristics, flowering and fruiting characteristics, yield, Quality and economic characteristics. Flower bud thinning and 3/4th shoot pruning treatments during May and June proved to be beneficial for improving the quality and yield of next season crop because the flower bud thinning and shoot pruning treatments save the tree from exhaustion and the photosynthates remained reserved which in turn helped to improve the yield and quality of next season crop. The reduction in fruit yield was reported in trees which were subjected to shoot pruning in the current season might be due to the reduction in the fruiting area and also promote the vegetative growth at the cost of reproductive growth. In spring season, maximum fruit yield was obtained in plants which produced no fruits or very less fruits in rainy and winter season. Quality of rainy season crop was found to be inferior as compared to the winter and spring season crop concerning the parameters such as total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, sugar content and pectin content. Through this investigation it can be concluded that in guava, flower bud thinning in 1st week of May followed by flower bud thinning in last week of June was found most effective in induction of maximum spring season crop. However, complete fruit thinning during the first week of May was found effective in induction of good amount of crop during both winter and spring season due to which it leads to generation of maximum annual profit.
Open Access
Varietal evaluation of Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis L.) under tarai conditions of Uttarakhand
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-12) Dhyani, Ajay; Pal, Anju
The present investigation entitled “Varietal evaluation of Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis L.) under tarai conditions of Uttarakhand” was carried out at the Model Floriculture Centre, G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during 2019- 20. The experiment was laid out in complete randomized block design with three replications involving 10 genotypes. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate these ten different varieties of Dahlia on the basis of their growth and flowering parameters. Present findings revealed that among all the varieties of Dahlia cultivar Jishu showed highest plant height (113.22cm), plant spread (62.67 cm) and internodal distance (15.12 cm) whereas maximum number of leaves was found in cultivar Sohini (135.44). Matungini cultivar of Dahlia has maximum number of primary branches (10.11) and leaf diameter (11.78 cm). Maximum number of flowers per plant was observed in cultivar Matungini (14.78). Maximum flower diameter was recorded in the cultivar „Tenzin‟ i.e. 19.44 cm. The maximum fresh flower weight was observed in cultivar „Jishu‟ that was (55.90 gm). Maximum vase life was observed in the cultivar „Shanti‟ (6.6 days). It was observed from the experimental results that Jishu and Matungani variety was well suitable for cultivation in tarai regions of Uttarakhand during winter season period whereas the cultivar Kenya Yellow can be found well suited for pot culture purpose. The flowering in Kenya Yellow was very late as compared to all other cultivars. The plant height, number of branches and number of leaves were also found to be significantly correlated with the bud formation in the Dahlia plants. Overall performance of all the cultivars was the influence of its heritability and environmental conditions.
Open Access
Effect of different mulches on soil characteristics, yield and quality of winter season guava
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-11) Singh, Ravinder; Singh, V.P.
The present experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), to study the effect of different mulches on soil characteristics, yield and quality of winter season guava during 2019-20. The trial was laid out using Randomized Block Design having three replications and consisted of twelve mulch types viz., plastic films of red-black, yellow-black, white-black, silver-black, black, transparent film with and without herbicide application; biodegradable films of white-black and silver-black and organic mulches (paddy straw and kans grass) with unmulched (control) plants. During the experimentation, observations with respect to soil pH, soil electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon, available macro nutrients (N, P and K), weed flora, weed density, fresh and dry weight of weeds, soil temperature, plant height, trunk diameter, plant spread, canopy area, canopy volume, number of flowers and fruits per branch, fruit set and fruit drop percentage, number of fruits per plant, yield, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, fruit volume, fruit firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity, TSS: acidity, ascorbic acid, total sugars, reducing and non-reducing sugars and sugar: acid were recorded. The experimental results revealed that performance of guava was influenced significantly under different mulching treatments. Plastic film of silver-black colour was found to be superior with respect to increment in growth parameters viz., plant height (50.01 cm), trunk diameter (3.33 mm), plant spread (84.25 cm in East-West and 81.41 cm in North-South directions), canopy area (6.64 m2) and canopy volume (23.86 m3). Yield and fruit quality parameters were also found to have maximum values under plastic film of silver-black colour which was closely followed by biodegradable film of silver-black colour without having significant differences between these two treatments. Maximum increase in soil temperature was observed under mulching with transparent film without herbicide application. There was also significant reduction in weed parameters under different mulches in terms of weed count, fresh and dry weight of weeds but maximum weed control efficiency was seen under plastic film of black colour. Based on overall performance of different mulches, it could be concluded that under tarai region of Uttarakhand, mulching with biodegradable film of silver-black colour is best as it was almost significantly at par with the plastic mulch of silver-black colour in most of the yield and quality aspects and moreover, the environmental concerns would be there with the use of plastic film. Thus, it can be successfully employed for cultivation of high quality guava. As this was the data of only one crop season, so further experiments are required to strengthen the above findings. But overall it can be conferred that farmers should adapt practice of mulching for yield and productivity enhancement in guava.

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