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2007 - 200925
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Subject: Horticulture × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2007 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of hybrids and parents of Antirrhinum under tarai conditions
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-05) Singh, Narayan; Ajit Kumar
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the multiplication and utilization of seabuckthorn (Hippophae salicifolia D. Don.)
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2007-07) Bisht, Rohit; Sharma, S.K.
    The present study was undertaken during October, 2005 to November, 2006 to standardize the techniques for multiplication of seabuckthorn by seeds as well as for preparation of processed products viz. RTS and squash from seabuckthorn and to evaluate their storage stability. Seabuckthorn berries (fruits) were harvested at optimum maturity (ripe stage) from natural population in Badrinath area of Distt. Chamoli, Uttarkhand. The seeds were separated manually from the residue left after pulp extraction and stored at room temperature (8-18oC) in paper bags, for four months before further experimentation. The seeds were treated for 18 hours with different PGR‟S and chemicals along with other treatments i.e. stratification and luke warm water. Control was also kept for comparison. The pulp was utilized for preparation of beverages (RTS and squash). The beverages were stored for six months under ambient and refrigerated conditions and evaluated for physico-chemical and sensory changes. The results reveal that IAA @ 100 and 200 ppm were most suitable treatments for various plant growth parameters, including germination and survival percentage, closely followed by Kinetin @100 ppm and GA3 @ 400 ppm indicating that seabuckthorn can successfully be propagated by seeds using different growth regulators. Seabuckthorn RTS and squash beverage were standardized at 5 per cent pulp, 14 oBrix TSS and 25 per cent pulp, 50 oBrix TSS respectively. These beverages on storage for 6 months interval experienced insignificant increase in total solids and TSS under both ambient and refrigerated conditions. However, there was a significant increase in reducing sugars of both RTS and squash beverages. On the contrary, the total sugars suffered some loss during storage period. The acidity of RTS and squash suffered slight but steady decline during storage whereas, ascorbic acid experienced loss of 76.46 and 75.46 per cent in RTS and squash respectively. The sensory scores for colour, taste and overall acceptability declined during storage. All these physico-chemical and sensory changes were less in refrigerated conditions, in comparison to ambient conditions. Further both the beverages were acceptable upto 6 months of storage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of bio-agents and planting methods on plant growth and yield characteristics of saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2007-06) Soni, Manoj; Nautiyal, M.C.
    The present study was conducted during October, 2005 to June 2007 at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Hill Campus, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal, Research Sub-Station, Kanatal, Uttarakhand. The two planting methods i.e. flat and ridge bed with bio-agents viz. Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma harzianum +Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bavistin, used through different methods of application i.e. corm dipping, vermicompost and combination of corm dipping + vermicompost were tested for their effects on various attributes of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in a factorial design with 3 replications. The investigation indicated that plant stand per plot and survival percentage were 80.33 plants and 89.25%, respectively, in treatment combination P1T4M2 (flat bed + application of Bavistin through vermicompost) followed by 80.00 plants and 88.88% plant stand per plot and survival percentage, respectively, for treatment combination P1T2M1 (flat bed + corm dipping in Pseudomonas fluorescens). The vegetative characters of saffron plant as the corm weight, corm diameter and number of cormel formation resulted in highest values of 19.50 g, 4.93 cm and 6.67 cormel, respectively, for treatment combination P1T2M2 (flat bed + application of Pseudomonas fluorescens through vermicompost), followed by application of Trichoderma harzianum in vermicompost. The minimum values were obtained for treatment combination having both the bioagents. The application of Pseudomonas fluorescens through corm dipping in well drained flat beds resulted in higher nitrogen percentage in saffron leaves (3.84%) and then applied through vermicompost also it resulted in highest fresh weight of flower (182.00 mg) with minimum percentage of nitrogen (2.28%) in treatment (P2T1M2) (Ridge bed having Trichoderma harzianum mixed through vermicompost), while the lowest fresh weight of flower of 68.33 mg was observed in P2T2M2 (Ridge bed + application of Pseudomonas fluorescens through vermicompost). The well maintain Ridge beds when planted with corms dipped in Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens resulted in the development of characters in saffron flower that are required for commercial grade as longest stigma + style length of 2.31 cm was obtained along with maximum fresh and dry weight of stigma + style of 32.83 mg and 5.13 mg, respectively, for same bioagent combination. This was followed by the use of Psaeudomonas fluorescens through corm dipping when used in well drained flat beds. In view of commercially superior grade saffron production, application of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens by corm dipping in well prepared ridge beds is recommended for humid temperate mid hill conditions of Uttarakhand.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of organic manure and mulching on winter season crop of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Pant Prabhat
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2007-06) Chakraborty, Binayak; Tiwari, J.P.
    The present investigation was carried out at Horticulture Research Centre, Patherchatta, G.B. Pant university of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar on five years old bearing trees of guava to study the effect of organic manure and mulching on winter season crop of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Pant Prabhat. The experiment consisted of eight treatments viz. control (T1), 5 kg compost + 6 kg soybean mulch/tree/year (T2), 5 kg compost + without mulch (T3), 10 kg compost + 6 kg soybean mulch/tree/year (T4), 10 kg compost + without mulch (T5), 15 kg compost + 6 kg soybean mulch/tree/year (T6), 15 kg compost + without mulch (T7) and recommended dose of NPK (N 75g, P 65g, K 50g)/tree/year (T8) with 4 replications in randomized block design. All the trees were uniformly pruned (leaving only one-leaf-pair at the base of the current season‟s growth) during the first week of May, 2006. The results showed significant variation in annual increase in tree height, tree spread, tree volume, shoot length and number of flower buds emerged per branch, number of fruits per tree, yield, average fruit weight, average fruit length, average fruit diameter, average fruit volume, total soluble solids, acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar, TSS:acid ratio and sugar:acid ratio among the different treatments during both rainy and winter seasons. However, annual increase in trunk girth, per cent fruit set, per cent fruit retention, per cent flower/fruit drop, non-reducing sugar and pectin content were found non-significant. Application of 15 kg compost + 6 kg soybean mulch/tree/year gave the best results on the growth characteristics of the trees. Physical characteristics (average fruit weight, average fruit length, average fruit diameter and average fruit volume) of the fruits were found superior in rainy season than in winter season. Yield per tree was found maximum during winter season in all the treatments than rainy season. Highest yield was recorded in plants that were given 15 kg compost + 6 kg soybean mulch/tree/year followed by recommended dose of NPK (N 75g, P 65g, K 50g)/tree/year. Quality characteristics were found superior with the application of different doses of compost and mulching as compared to the control plants in winter season than in rainy season.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of nutrients and gibberellic acid on the growth of tea cuttings
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2007-06) Bhawna; Mishra, K.K.
    Tea (Camellia Sinensis L.) is the most popular beverage consumed by two-thirds of the world population. India is the largest producer, consumer and exporter of tea. Tea nursery plays a vital role in successful gardening which leads to the economic development. The nursery techniques and management practices are very important steps in tea production. Raising tea plants from single node cuttings has been widely and successfully adopted economic method of vegetative propagation. Soil pH higher than 5.0 may cause excessive callus formation at the expense of root growth. In this very experiment to find out the effect of nutrients and GA3 on tea cuttings in nursery at higher soil pH during March 2006 to June 2007. Cuttings for their plant height, number of leaves, girth of stem , leaf length and breadth, fresh and dry weight of roots were observed. Results from the present investigation showed that in nutrient treatment, NPK @ 0.4 g per 10 plants + ZnSO4 (0.5 per cent) gave maximum increase in height, stem girth, number of leaves per plant and root weight while in GA3 treatments, 10-50 ppm concentration of GA3 showed increase in the growth parameters i.e. height, stem girth, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf breadth and root weight of tea cuttings. GA3 50 ppm concentration showed the maximum increase in all the parameters statistically.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the effect of modified atmosphere and pre storage treatments on the shelf life of plum fruits
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-08) Singh, Dalip; Sharma, S.K.
    Two cultivars of plum fruits i.e. Methley and Santa Rosa were used for present investigations during May-June, 2007. Plum fruits were harvested at optimum maturity from Horticulture Block, Hill Campus, Ranichauri. The fruit were plucked at different timings of the day i.e. morning, noon and evening, with or without pedicel and kept open or in shrink packs for storage studies. The samples were stored under two different storage conditions i.e. ambient (temperature 18-270C and RH 53-75%) and ZECC (temperature 16-240C and RH 85-95%) and evaluated for any changes in physico-chemical and sensory quality attributes. Results reveal that fruit harvested during morning time could retain higher ascorbic acid (7.22 mg/100g) and lower TSS and total sugars during 15 days of storage. As far as the storage conditions are concerned ZECC was found better for higher retention of all the quality parameters upto 10 days of storage. During 15 days of storage of plum fruits, higher fruit firmness (3.57 Kg/cm2) and minimum incidence of rotting (7.34 %) was recorded in pedicellate fruits. However, the fruits wrapped with polythene registered lower PLW (1.85%) and maximum fruits firmness (3.60 kg/cm2). Further, the minimum PLW and rotting incidence were recorded in fruit stored under ZECC. Similarly, the fruits harvested with pedicel, shrink wrapped with polythene and stored under ZECC experienced lesser changes in physico-chemical characteristics. The overall acceptability of the plum fruits increased initially upto 10 days of storage. The mean score for all the treatment combinations were acceptable for 10 days and declined thereafter. Therefore, the on-field storage of plum fruits harvested with pedicel, shrink wrapped with polythene, in ZECC for a period about 1o days was found to be highly successful and promising for the farmers.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on extension of harvesting span of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. Rose Scented
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-07) Pal, Mahesh; Lal, R.L.
    An investigation entitled 􀂴Studies on extension of harvesting span of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. Rose Scented􀂵 was conducted on twenty year old litchi trees during 2006-07 at the Horticulture Research Centre, Patharchatta, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand). The experiment consisted of 10 treatment [Shade net, 30% (T1), Shade net, 50% (T2), GA3, 20 ppm (T3), GA3, 40 ppm (T4), BA, 20 ppm (T5), BA, 40 ppm (T6), KNO3, 4% (T7), Perforated polyethylene bagging (T8), STS, 10 m Mol (T9) and Control (T10)] in Randomized Block Design with four replications. Findings revealed that the application of KNO3 @ 4% resulted in significantly more fruits set per panicle (64.93). Maximum fruit drop of 79.05 per cent was observed under control while under shade net (30%) 71.91 per cent fruit drop was checked. Shade net (50%) checked the fruit cracking (4.49%) whereas, maximum fruit cracking took place in untreated trees. The maturity span was advanced by 2 days under KNO3 @ 4% and delayed by 16 days under shade net (50%). Significantly more fruit yield per tree (116.50 kg) was recorded in shade net (50%). Treatment of GA3 (40 ppm) being at par with BA @ 20 and 40 ppm exhibited significantly more TSS, total sugars and non-reducing sugars. Application of KNO3 @ 4% exhibited significantly highest reducing sugars and significantly lower titratable acidity, however, difference in ascorbic acid content were found to be non-significant among different treatments. Maximum net profit of Rs. 717.35 was gained from GA3 @ 20 ppm treated trees but application of KNO3 @ 4% resulted in loss of Rs. 227.50 per tree. From the present study it might be concluded that the harvesting span of litchi may be advanced or delayed by the application of KNO3 (4%), shade net (30 and 50%) and silver thiosulphate (10 m Mol), respectively. Maximum net profit is obtained through application of GA3 (20 ppm) at two weeks before harvesting.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of plant bioregulators (PBR,s) and nutrients on flowering, fruit-set, quality and yield of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv Rose Scented
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-06) Nautiyal, Mahesh Prakash; Singh, P.N.
    The investigation entitled 􀂴Effect of plant bioregulators (PBRs) and nutrients on flowering, fruit- set, quality and yield of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv Rose Scented􀂵 was conducted during the year 2007, at the Horticulture, Research Centre, Patharchatta and Department of Horticulture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Distt. Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand. Seventeen year old litchi trees were treated thrice during the fruiting season with two concentrations of plant bioregulators and nutrients. The treatments include 300 and 400 ppm ethrel, 25 and 50 ppm GA3, 25 and 50 ppm benzyl adenine, 25 and 50 ppm NAA, 0.75 and 1.0% potassium nitrate, 0.75 and 1.0% thiourea and water spray as control. First spray was done before flower bud differentiation (on 15th January), second spray at panicle emergence (on 15th February) and third spray after fruit set (on 15th April). These were compared with water sprayed control trees for date of panicle emergence, date of flower opening, total number of flowers, type of flower, sex ratio, fruit set, fruit drop and fruit cracking . Beside the yield, quality attributes of fruits were also assessed. Each treatment was replicated thrice and one tree served as a unit of treatment in a replication. Emergence of first panicle was earliest in BA (25 and 50 ppm) and earliest flower opening was obtained in KNO3 (0.75%). Sprays of the solution of 50 ppm GA3 proved to be most effective in minimizing the fruit cracking and maximizing fruit weight, fruit volume, fruit size, aril percentage, total sugar and TSS in litchi, while spray of the 50 ppm NAA on litchi trees proved most effective in maximizing the fruit set (on per panicle and total flowers basis) and yield. NAA @ 25 ppm proved best for increasing juice percentage and minimizing fruit drop and acidity. Ascorbic acid content was increased by 1.0% thiourea.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of pear
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2008-07) Manoj Kumar; Rai, P.N.
    The present investigation was carried out during 2006-07 at Horticulture Research Centre (HRC) Patharchatta and Depatment of Horticulture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, District U.S. Nagar, (Uttarakhand) to study the effect of biofertilizers on growth, yield and quality of pear. Ten year old low chill pear cv. Gola, trees were treated with different doses of bifertilizers (Azotobacter, VAM and PSB) incorporated in 20 Kg FYM. The treatments include Azotobacter (15 g, 30 g and 60 g), VAM (30 g, 60 g and 90 g) and PSB (50 g, 100 g and 150 g) all incorporated in 20 Kg FYM, and two controls as recommended dose of fertilizers and untreated control, were taken for comparison. Treatment of 30 g Azotobacter incorporated in 20 kg FYM found to be most effective for enhancing tree growth, fruit yield and physical quality of fruit. Chemical qualities of fruit were significantly improved by the treatment of 90 g VAM incorporated in 20 Kg FYM. Treatment of 60 g Azotobacter incorporated in 20 kg FYM increased the leaf nitrogen and 150 g PSB incorporated in 20 kg FYM enhanced the leaf phosphorus content most effectively.