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ThesisItem Open Access Study of variability in variety farm selection-1 of papaya (Carica papaya L.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-06) Singh, Prem; Roy, D.The present investigation was carried out during 2007-08 at Horticultural Research Centre, Patharchatta of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The experimental material comprised of a variety Farm Selection -1 of papaya. The objective was to study variation for different quantitative traits and the character association in the variety Farm Selection-1 of papaya. Observations were recorded on 112 fruiting plants for various characters namely height of the plant, height at first flower, days to flowering, leaf length, leaf width, pedicel length, number of nodes, girth of plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruiting node length, fruit diameter, pulp thickness and cavity size. The coefficient of variability was highest for fruit number per plant and fruit weight so, these two traits showed higher variability in comparison to other traits. The coefficient of variability was lowest for leaf length and leaf width so, these traits showed lower variability in comparison to other traits. Wide range of mean values for all the fourteen traits showed immense variability present in the variety Farm Selection-1 which indicates that selection can be practiced for improvement of these traits. Phenotypic correlation coefficients were also calculated between fourteen pairs of traits. Economically important characters like number of fruit was positively and significantly correlated with fruiting node length, fruit weight, fruit diameter and pulp thickness. Fruit weight was positively and significantly correlated with fruiting node length, fruit diameter and pulp thickness. Fruiting node length was positively and significantly correlated with fruit diameter, pulp thickness and cavity size. Fruit diameter was positively and significantly correlated with pulp thickness and cavity size. Pulp thickness was positively and significantly correlated with cavity size and Cavity size was the trait which showed positive and significant correlations with other traits viz., pedicel length, girth of plant, fruit weight, fruiting node length, fruit diameter and pulp thickness.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of seed quality and resistance to bruchid in F7 interspecific progenies of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh](G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-06) Somappa, Jaggal; Bajpai, G.C.A laboratory experiment was conducted at pulse quality laboratory of department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, GBPUA&T Pantnagar during 2008 to find out variation among physical characteristics of [F7 generation] eighty one interspecific progenies derived using cultivated parents ICPL84023, PA134 and UPAS120 and wild species viz. Cajanus scarabaoeides, C.acutifolius and C.cajanifolius. Grayed orange, Grayed red, Grayed purple with plain, speckled and mottled color pattern were noted among progenies. Highest 100 seed weight (10.2g) was recorded in one of the progeny of UPAS120×C.cajanifolius. Highest variation for 100 seed volume (5.83-8.83ml) was seen in PA134 × C.cajanifolius. High seed density of (1.5g/ml) was recorded in UPAS120 × C.acutifolius. Maximum hydration capacity of (10.8g) was noted in CPL84023×C.cajanifolius followed by high hydration index in ICPL84023 × C. acutifolius. Swelling capacity of (13.50ml) was accounted in one of the progeny of UPAS120 × C. scarabaeoides, while swelling index was maximum in PA134 × C. scarabaeoides. High grain hardness (21.81kg) was noted in UPAS120 × C. cajanifolius. Among correlations, strong positive association was seen among 100 seed weight and 100 seed density, whereas grain hardness showed negative significant association with 100 seed volume (-0.27) and hydration index (-0.24). The study was also carried out for suitability of these progenies to Callosobruchus chinensis. Bruchid (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) is an important store grain pest of pulses in general and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millspaugh) in particular. All nine interspecific progenies of pigeonpea exhibited differential responses to infestation by Bruchid with respect to oviposition occur directly on seeds. The least oviposition was recorded in UPAS120 × C. scarabaeiodes (2.44 eggs/20seeds) as compared to checks were higher (15 eggs/ 20seeds) and this progeny also showed least developmental period (18.33 days) followed by UPAS120 × C. acutifolius (24.66 days).the percent of adult emergence was recorded one of the progeny UPAS120× C. cajanifoilus was showed less support (23.5%) followed by UPAS120×C.acutifolius (50.10%) and CPL84023×C.acutifolius(47.40%) as compared to one parent UPAS120 was higher (69.65%). On the basis of growth index of the pest showed that percentage of adult emergence and mean time adult emergence were two important parameters for assessing seed resistance. One of the progeny, UPAS120×C.scarabaeiodes showed relative resistance compared to rest of the progenies.ThesisItem Open Access Correlation and path analysis in tea [Camellia sinensis (L). O. Kuntze](G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2007-06) Bhaskar, Jitendra; Roy, D.The field experiment was conducted on five varieties at Tea Research Station, Kausani, Uttarakhand to understand nature and magnitude of variation present among the tea germplasm and to characterize the different clones. Data were recorded on ten characters for each genotype. The phenotypic coefficient of variability was highest for surface area of bush followed by weight of the bud and number of plucking points but lowest for length of the 1st leaf of the shoot. Genotypic coefficient of variability was highest for surface area of bush followed by weight of the bud and number of plucking points and lowest for length of the 1st leaf of the shoot followed by width of 1st leaf of the shoot. 100 seed weight, length of mature leaf, weight of the bud and number of plucking points showed high heritability. The genetic advance was high for 100 seed weight followed by number of plucking points and weight of the shoot. Comparison of mean showed that T-78 Vs Kangrajat, BSS-449 Vs Kangrajat and UPASI-9 Vs Kangrajat, combinations are genetically diverse. Comparison of variance shows that AV-2 and Kangrajat are genetically diverse genotypes. Comparison of both mean and variance shows that AV-2 and kangrajat are genotypically most diverse genotypes. Correlation coefficients at the genotypic level reveal that only three pair of traits, namely, number of plucking points and weight of the shoot, surface area of bush and width of 1st leaf of the shoot, length of mature leaf and width of the mature leaf showed positive and significant phenotypic correlation. Surface area of bush showed negative and significant correlation with weight of the shoot. Path analysis revealed that only four traits, namely, length of the mature leaf, width of the mature leaf, number of plucking points, and width of the 1st leaf of shoot showed high, positive and direct effect on weight of the shoot. Correlation and path analysis revealed that in tea, traits, number of plucking points, length of mature leaf, width of mature leaf and width of 1st leaf of the shoot can be considered important for improving the weight of shoot in tea.ThesisItem Open Access Study of variability in tea [Camellia sinensis L. (o) kuntze](G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2006-07) Biswas, Subhrajit; Roy, D.The field experiments were conducted on eight genotypes at Tea Research Station, Kausani, Uttaranchal to understand nature and magnitude of variation present among the tea germplasm and to characterize the different clones and select the promising ones. Data are recorded on thirteen characters viz. for each genotypes. Sufficient genetic variation is there for twelve characters except width of the 1st leaf of the shoot. number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, surface area of bush, length of mature leaf, width of mature leaf, Leaf Area Index (LAI), weight of the shoot, weight of the bud, length of the shoot, length of the 1st leaf of the shoot, width of the 1st leaf of the shoot, 100 seed weight, number of plucking points. Number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, surface area of bush, weight of bud showed high phenotypic coefficient of variation. Number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, surface area of bush, weight of the bud, width of the 1st leaf of the shoot and number of plucking points showed high genotypic coefficient of variation. Number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, surface area of bush, length of mature leaf, width of mature leaf, weight of the shoot, length of the shoot, length of the 1st leaf of the shoot, 100 seed weight and number of plucking showed high heritability. Number of secondary branches and width of the 1st leaf of the shoot showed high genetic advance. Correlation coefficients at the phenotypic level reveals that eight pairs of traits showed high, positive and significant phenotypic coefficient of correlation. Among these three traits showed high, positive and significant phenotypic coefficient of correlation with the character number of plucking points. Path analysis revealed that number of secondary branches to be the direct contributors towards number of plucking points. Number of primary branches and surface area of bush also contributed indirectly towards number of plucking points. So number of plucking points can be increased by increasing secondary branches, surface area of bush and primary branches.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of f4 progenies of a wide cross involving mungbean (cv. BDYR-1) and blackgram (cv. DPU 88-31) for yield and yield components(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2006-06) Sharma, Hariom Kumar; Singh, D.P.The present investigation was carried out in Augmented Design during kharif season of 2005 with one hundred progenies of a wide cross (BDYR-1 × DPU 88-31), their parents and two checks (mungbean cv. Pant M-4 and blackgram cv. Pant U-35) at Crop Research Center of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttaranchal. The wide cross was made in kharif 2001. The observations were recorded on days to first flower, plant height, primary branches/plant, clusters/plant, pods/cluster, pods/plant, pod length, seeds/pod, 100-seed weight and grain yield/plant to study phenotypic variability, character association, genetic divergence and genetic relationship using SDS –PAGE. The ANOVA revealed highly significant genetic differences among check varieties for all the characters studied. In mungbean type of progenies the high values of P.C.V. were observed for grain yield/plant, clusters/plant, pods/plant and primary braches/plant while in case of backgram type of progenies high values of P.C.V. were noticed for cluster/plant, pods/cluster, pods/plant and seeds/pod. Amongst mungbean type of progenies only progenies no. 6 was significantly superior for cluster/plant. Amongst blackgram type of progenies, progeny no. 70 was significantly superior than best check for days to first flower, pods/cluster, pod length and seeds/pod. Character association study revealed highly significant and positive association of grain yield/plant with pods/cluster (0364) and pods/plant (0.364). Metroglyph and Index score analysis revealed maximum variability for different characters in fifth group which comprised of 60 progenies. The highest index score of 23 was observed for progeny no. 77. The protein profiling studies revealed genetic relationship among the progenies. Most of the progenies studied were generically different from their parents. Progenies showed parental type as well as recombinant type of bands Therefore, it can be concluded that transgresive segregants for important yield characters can be obtained by inter specific hybridization between mungbean and blackgram.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on genetic diversity, characters association, diseases and seed protein profiling of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.](G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2006-06) Madheshia, Sunil Kumar; Pandey, I.D.The present investigation was carried at Seed Production Centre of Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttaranchal, India during Zaid and Kharif seasons of 2005. The study was aimed to (1) evaluate the extent of genetic variability. (2) study the pattern of genetic divergence. (3) assess the nature and magnitude of correlation among different characters. (3) screening the cowpea lines for multiple disease resistance. (4) assess the genetic variation in the cowpea lines with help of SDS-PAGE (5) identify the germplasm lines, which may serve as potent donors for some important quantitative characters and qualitative characters. The experimental material was comprised of an accession of 51 advanced improved lines of cowpea (received from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Nigeria) and 1 commercial variety In Zaid season, seed yield per plant showed highest PCV (74.28%) followed by stover yield per plant (72.73%) while in Kharif season, stover yield per plant showed highest PCV (69.87%) and followed by number of pods per plant (60.29%) and seed yield per plant (56.26%). The clustering pattern in Zaid and Kharif seasons, 2005 revealed that the genotype pairs IT 98K-205-10 and IT 97K-461-4, Com.1 and IT 97K-461-4, Com.1 and IT 98K-205-10 were showing maximum divergence. Therefore, these pairs can said to be diverse pairs and hybridization between these may result into new recombinants of desirable types. In the present study, number of pods per plant and pod length were positively and directly related to seed yield per plant during both the seasons and may be considered as most important characters for seed yield improvement in cowpea through selection, as these characters have positive correlation among themselves besides the seed yield. On the basis of disease scoring, the genotypes IT 00K-1218, IT 99K-1056 and IT 97K-643-1 were found resistant against all the six diseases studied over both the seasons. In SDS-PAGE experiment, specific protein bands have been observed for different genotypes of cowpea. Therefore, SDS-PAGE techniques can be used for identification as well as determination of purity of genotypes/cultivars of a crop. This diversity in storage proteins provides the genetic basis for identifying the genotypes and used in several crop plants for determining the genetic identity and purity. The electrophoretic banding pattern of genotypes is used to discriminate the morphologically similar genotypes.ThesisItem Open Access Micropropagation of bamboo species through axillary bud proliferation(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2005-06) Budhalakoti, Neha; Tewari, Salil KumarThe present study was carried out in the Forest Genetics Lab, Department of Genetic and Plant Breeding. G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U. S. Nagar (Uttaranchal). Two species of Bamboo, Bambusa vulgaris (Green) and Dendrocalamus membranaceus were taken and micropropagation studies were made using nodal portion as explant. Two Factor Complete Randomized Design analysis was performed to find significance of data and means were taken to screen out treatments giving significant results throughout the study. For sterilization of the explant 0.1% of HgCl2 (Mercuric chloride) for 15 min was found to be the best for both the species then nodal segment were cultured on MS medium supplemented with (15-25 μM) BA for bud break, both the species showed maximum and significant bud break response at 25μM BA treatment. After subculturing the propagules were put for shoot multiplication and concentration of 15μM BA was proved to be the best for shoot multiplication. Shoot multiplication fold was found to be the best in the combination of BA and kinetin at (10μM BA + 15μM kinetin) treatment in Bambusa vulgaris and combination of (5μM BA + 15μM kinetin) was found to be the best in Dendrocalamus membranaceus. Combination treatment of BA and IAA at (10μM BA + 3μM IAA) was found to be the best for shoot multiplication in Bambusa vulgaris and concentration of (10μM BA + 2μM IAA) was found to be the best for shoot multiplication in Dendrocalamus membranaceus. In-vitro rooting was studied using different auxins viz. IBA, NAA and IAA where NAA at 20μM was found to be the best finally the plant with robust roots were taken for hardening.ThesisItem Open Access Study of variability in a population of papaya (Carica papaya L.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2005-06) Joshi, Dinesh Chandra; Roy, D.The present investigation was carried out during 2004-05 at Horticultural Research Centre, Patharchatta of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnaagr. The experimental material comprised of a population of papaya. The objective was to study the variability in population. Observations were recorded on 63 selected plants for 9 plant and fruiting characters namely number of fruits per plant, fruiting length, height to first fruit, fruit weight, pulp thickness, fruit diameter, pul[p colour, cavity size and total soluble solids. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among all the selected 63 plants for all the eight characters except pulp colour which was not analysed . Wide range of mean values for all the eight traits showed immense variability present in the population for these traits which provided scope for selection. Phenotypic correlation coefficients were calculated between eight pairs of traits on the basis of overall selected plants. Most of the characters were found positive and significantly correlated with each other. Cavity size was the trait which showed positive and significant correlations with other traits viz., fruit number, fruiting length, fruit diameter and total soluble solids. Phenotypic correlations which were calculated between five pairs of fruiting traits on individual plant basis showed almost similar results but some different results were also obtained.ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical and molecular characterization of wheat genotypes for biscuit quality(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2005-07) Singh, Chitra; Jaiswal, J.P.Wheat is the dominant grain of world commerce. India ranks 2nd in wheat production in the world and is self sufficient. However, its share in export market is negligible. It has a great potential to emerge as a reliable exporter of what and wheat products provided serious emphasis is given on the development of product specific varieties. The present investigation deals with evaluation of 40 genotypes for biscuit making quality on the basis of different quality attributes viz. protein content (%) and sedimentation value (cc) and high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS). Eighteen genotypes with protein content of < 11 % and sedimentation value of < 40 cc were found superior for biscuit making quality. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that Glu-1 score ranged fro 4-7 in low protein genotypes and subunit 2 + 12 at Glu-1 D locus appeared to be related with biscuit quality. Ten low protein genotypes were evaluated for biscuit spread ratio and RAPD pattern. Biscuit spread values and diameter values were obtained in the range of 5.1 to 8.3 and 7.2 cm to 8.3 cm respectively. RAPD analysis of ten low protein genotypes was done by using four random primers viz., UBC 552, UBC 535, UBC 337 and UBC 386. However, no primer was able to amplify unique loci and only primer UBC 552 gave polymorphic loci. Thus, primer specificity was essential to characterize wheat genotypes for the biscuit making quality at the molecular level.