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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × Author: Gautam, Ashish × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    Evaluation, identification and characterization of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes for resistance to Botrytis grey mould disease
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-09) Gautam, Ashish; Panwar, R.K.
    Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important multi-purpose leguminous nutritional food crop known for its highly valued protein and starch, and its use in food, feed and industrial applications. The present investigation was carried out at N.E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, and Pulse Breeding Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during rabi, 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20 for evaluation, identification and characterization of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes for resistance to Botrytis grey mould disease. The field experiment was conducted in an augmented block design-II. During year 2017-18, 225 experimental chickpea genotypes were planted in 9 blocks with each block consisted of 30 genotypes including 5 checks viz., PG-5 (Moderately resistant), PG-3 (Moderately resistant), H 208 (Susceptible), DCP 92-3 (Susceptible) and GL10006 (Resistant). During year 2018-19, 135 genotypes was planted in 9 blocks, each block consisted of 20 genotypes including 5 checks while during the year 2019-20, 100 genotypes was planted in 4 blocks, each block consisted of 30 genotypes including 5 checks. The objectives of the present study were screening of chickpea genotypes against Botrytis grey mould (BGM) disease in natural field condition for various morphophysiological traits, estimation of genetic diversity by using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), genetics of variability parameters, correlation and path coefficient analysis, molecular marker validation of Botrytis grey mould resistant chickpea genotypes using microsatellite / STMS markers and estimation of G × E interaction by additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model for identification of stable resistant genotypes against Botrytis grey mould in chickpea. These genotypes were evaluated against Botrytis grey mould disease under natural epiphytotic condition by following disease rating and observations were recorded for 13 yield and yield attributing traits. Out of these genotypes which were screened for three consecutive years, the best 20 genotypes were chosen based on yield and disease rating, and molecular analysis was performed using microsatellite / STMS markers. A parallel experiment AMMI stability analysis was conducted to test the genotypes adoptability in three different environments along with three replications. This was conducted in Randomised Block Design during rabi, 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20. The experimental material consisted of 35 genotypes, including five checks (PG-5, PG-3, H 208, DCP 92-3, and GL10006), which were used for three years in a row. The results of field screening against BGM disease revealed that 17 chickpea genotypes with disease score 3 (resistant) were identified out of 225 during rabi, 2017-18. Furthermore, 13 out of 135 chickpea genotypes got a disease score of 3 (resistant) in the during rabi, 2018-19 and 11 out of 100 genotypes had a disease score of 3 (resistant) during rabi, 2019-20. The analysis of variance for 13 quantitative characters during all the studied years revealed significant differences among genotypes for characters viz., plant height, number of primary branches per plant, first pod height (cm), number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight (g), biological yield per plant (g) and seed yield per plant (g), and also among blocks. Genetic diversity analysis based on HCA for rabi, 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20 grouped the genotypes in 15, 10 and 8 clusters respectively. The genotypes found as most desirable to be exploited as superior donors for different characters includes PG 17-125 (early flowering), PG 17-119 and PG 17-120 (early maturity), PG 17-49 (tall plant height), PG 17-119 (number of primary branches per plant), PG 17-119 (number of secondary branches per plant), PG 17-146 (first pod height), PG 17-118 and PG 17-119 (pod size), PG 17-9, PG 17-120, PG 17-145 (number of pods per plant), PG 17-9 (number of seeds per pod), PG 17-48 (100-Seed weight), PG 17-120 and PG 17-145 (biological yield per plant), PG 17-9, PG 17-205, PG 17-212, PG 17-218 (Harvest index), PG 17-9, PG 17-145, PG 17-212, PG 17-218 (seed yield per plant). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant, number of pods per plant during rabi, 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20. The seed yield per plant exhibited significant positive correlation with plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, pod size, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, biological yield and harvesting index during rabi, 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20. Path coefficient analysis of rabi, 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20 reveals that biological yield and number of pods per plant followed by pod size are the traits which show the high direct effects as well as significant and positive correlation with seed yield per plant. The molecular analysis reveals PG 17-9 (130 bp), PG 17-119 (130 bp), and PG 17-145 (130 bp) as resistant, PG 17-120 and PG 17-121 moderately resistant and remaining genotypes were found as susceptible. Field disease screening data corroborated with the banding pattern of different genotypes revealed by markers TR29 and TA144. TR29 and TA144, both have polymorphism Information Content (PIC) more than 0.5 indicating that they can be deployed in the molecular tagging of Botrytis grey mould resistance genes in chickpea. The genotypes such as PG 17- 9, PG 17-54, PG 17-83, PG 17-119, PG 17-145, PG 17-146, PG 17-212 and PG 17-218 were found high yielding and most stable on the basis of mean seed yield per plant and AMMI stability value (ASV) score over the resistant check in all the three consecutive years / environments. Hence, these chickpea genotypes can be used in future as a donor as they are stable and high yielding in crop improvement programme against Botrytis grey mould disease.