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2013 - 20176
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Subject: Farm, Machinery and Power × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: M.Tech. ×
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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Development and performance evaluation of a single row gladiolus planter
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-07) Singh, Padam; Singh, T.P.
    Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) a member of Iridaceae family also known as “queen of the flowers” is one of the popular bulbous ornamental plants. The total area under bulbous ornamental crop in the world is 50,000 ha, out of this the maximum area is under gladiolus (15000 ha) followed by Narcissus (7000 ha), Lilium (5000 ha), Iris (2000 ha) and Tulip (16000). In India about 3500 ha area is under bulbous ornamental with maximum area being under gladiolus followed by Tuberose (800 ha) (Deshraj, 2006).Uttarakhand is also one of the important pockets of commercial flower cultivation in India. Foreseeing the potentiality, APEDA has defined Uttarakhand as one of the export zone for floriculture products in the country. Among the cultivated flowers gladiolus ranks first in the state in area (89.99 ha), production (121.89 MT) and productivity (1.34 MTha-1) as compared to other important flowers crop like rose, lilium etc. The normal planting time of gladiolus in plains is between September and October, whereas in the hills it is in the month of March and April. The current and future demands are for horticulture and floriculture machinery as more and more farmers are moving towards it to achieve profit in farming. Sowing / planting of gladiolus is considered as one of the most important operation which involve factor like correct seed rate, appropriate depth of placement and require spacing and orientation which determines the crop production. The time and method adopted for sowing decisively affect the germination and hence production. In order to facilitate the mechanization of this critical operation of Gladiolus planter was developed and evaluated for efficient and timely planting operation of this potential economic bulbous crop. During the design physical properties of gladiolus bulb such as, size, shape, bulk density, germination percentage, moisture content, angle of repose, coefficient of friction, porosity were also studied to make good use of them in designing the planter. The designed planter was also evaluated for its performance in actual field condition. The average angle of repose observed for gladiolus bulb was found as 31º with a minimum of 27º and maximum of 35º .The germination percentage of the gladiolus bulb was found 93 percent The average bulk density of bulb was found as 0.58 g/cc with a minimum and maximum value of 0.565 and 0.615 g/cc. Under field condition average value of bulb to bulb spacing delivered by planter for 15 cm setting at 1, 1.5 and 2 km/h speed was found 17.08, 17.84, and 17.32 cm respectively whereas for 20 cm spacing the average value of bulb to bulb spacing at 1, 1.5, 2 km/h was found as 23.01, 22.45 and 22.19 respectively. And for 25 cm spacing the average bulb to bulb spacing was found 29.08, 28.41 and 28.52 respectively. The coefficient of uniformity for 15 cm spacing at 1, 1.5 and 2 km/h was observed to be 92.06, 92.42 and 92.53 % respectively. For 20 cm setting of spacing the coefficient of uniformity at 1, 1.5 and 2 km/h was found to be 89.61, 90.88 and 93.5 percent respectively. Whereas for 25 cm spacing the value of coefficient of uniformity at 1, 1.5 and 2 km/h was determined 97.21, 97.37 and 97.65 percent respectively. Under the field test the highest mechanical damage to the bulb by metering unit was observed as 6.1 % and no visual damage was observed. The minimum and maximum missing percentage was measured as 3.3 and 4 %. The designed prototype was found has a draft requirement of 85 kgf, field capacity of 0.126 ha/h, field efficiency of 72.93 % and fuel consumption of the machine was found as 3.2 l/h. The designed protype is recommended for mechanical planting of Gladilous and other similar bulbous crop to save time and labour and increase production and productivity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Performance evaluation of a modified small axial flow multicrop thresher on soybean, black gram and rice
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-08) Stanly, Nishanth M.; Arun Kumar
    Modernization of agriculture requires appropriate machinery for ensuring timely field operations, effective application of inputs, and reducing drudgery. Between the years 2007 and 2012, pulses production in India has increased from 14.3 to 17.09 MT while for 2013 production was17.58 MT. Rice is a major cereal crop as well as one of the most important food crops in India in terms of area, production and consumer preference. India is the second largest producer and consumer of rice in the world. Threshing is the process of loosening and separating grain from ear heads. It can be done by manual hand beating, animals treading or mechanical means. Manual threshing is slow, time consuming and laborious. Scarcity of labour and non-availability of small size machinery makes the job difficult in hills. Farmers in hilly region use conventional methods for threshing crops. Therefore, demand of multicrop small power thresher in hill region is high, which can significantly reduce the human drudgery. An axial flow thresher with multicrop potential was modified for soybean, black gram and paddy in the Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. It consists of main frame, threshing assembly, cleaning unit, power transmission unit, feeding chute and aspirator. Engineering properties of soybean, black gram and rice related to thresher design were determined. The modified thresher was evaluated for its performance under different treatments at four cylinder speeds of 320 rpm (6.19 m/s), 370 rpm (7.16 m/s), 420 rpm (8.13 m/s) and 470 rpm (9.09 m/s) and three cylinder-concave clearances of 10, 15, and 20 mm for soybean crop. Similarly for black gram, three cylinder speeds 300 rpm (5.80 m/s), 370 rpm (7.16 m/s) and 440 rpm (8.52 m/s) and three concave clearances of 12, 15 and 18 mm were used while three cylinder speeds of 370 rpm (7.16 m/s), 470 rpm (9.09 m/s) and 570 rpm (11.04 m/s) and at four concave clearances of 15, 20, 25, and 30 mm were selected for testing paddy. Performance results showed that maximum threshing efficiency observed for soybean, black gram and paddy was 99.81, 99.87 and 99.51% at cylinder speeds of 470 rpm (9.09 m/s), 440 rpm (8.52 m/s) and 570 rpm (11.04 m/s) with 10, 15 and 16 mm concave clearances, respectively. The cleaning efficiency were found maximum of 99.31, 98.69 and 99.35 % at cylinder speeds of 470 rpm (9.09 m/s), 370 rpm (7.16 m/s) and 370 rpm (7.16 m/s), respectively with 10, 15 and 25 mm concave clearances in soybean, black gram and paddy crops. The minimum total loss was for soybean, black gram and paddy were 1.79, 4.24 and 4.19 % at cylinder speeds of 370 rpm (7.16 m/s), 300 rpm (5.8 m/s) and 370 rpm (7.16 m/s) with 20, 18 and 30 mm concave clearances, respectively. The least visible grain damage reported at cylinder speeds of 320 rpm (6.19 m/s), 300 rpm (5.8 m/s) and 370 rpm (7.16 m/s), respectively with concave clearances of 20, 18 and 30 mm in respective crops. The maximum germination percentage observed for soybean, black gram and paddy was 97.10, 90.00 and 98.66 % at cylinder speeds of 320 rpm (6.19 m/s), 300 rpm (5.8 m/s) and 370 rpm (7.16 m/s), respectively with 20, 18 and 30 mm concave clearances.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Modeling and kinematic analysis of four-bar mechanism for offset rotavator using autodesk inventor
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2013-08) Anuj Kumar; Pateriya, R.N.
    Rotary tillage implements are now being projected as important tools in production of fine tilth soil, however the rotavator being in line with the tractor at the back cannot be used in orchards due to the hindrance posed by narrow space between the horticulture crops. Hence there is need of some suitable tillage tool in offset mode to central line of tractor so that it can reach at the canopy of trees with tractor in between rows. Offset rotavators have been found to be the most suitable for this purpose. An important feature of this rotary tillage tool is the side shift system. The side shift system is working on a four-bar mechanism. The study was undertaken to examine the influence of forward speed of tractor and the length of links with dependent parameters such as displacement, angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration of links. It was found that the position, angular velocity and angular acceleration of link3, was not affected by the length of the link3. The total angle rotate by each length of link is same, 54.5 deg. Initial and final position were also same for each link length. It was observed that the position and angular velocity of link3, affected by the forward speed of tractor. The total angle of rotating by the link was same but the time taken to rotate the angle was different. The minimum time was taken, 0.18 s in case of 4 km.h-1 and the maximum time was taken, 0.36 s in case of 2 km.h-1 speed. The maximum angular velocity 302.78 deg.s-1 was in case of 4 km.h-1 and minimum angular velocity 151.38 deg.s-1 was in case of 2 km.h-1. The maximum distance covered by link 2 was .73 m in case of 0.80 m length of link3 and minimum distance covered by link 2 was 0.50 m in case of 0.545 m length of links. shift of the offset rotavator can be increased upto 2 m by increasing the length of link.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on dynamic balancing of thresher drum and its effect on vibration and power consumption
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Negi, Rohit; Arun Kumar
    Farm mechanization and adoption of latest techniques have played an important role in increasing the agricultural production, due to which the number of agricultural equipment and machines has increased. One of the agricultural machines is thresher which is used for loosening and detaching the grains from ear heads. Threshers have played a special role in the post-harvest operations of the crop which results in the increase in production. With the functional design, there is a need of improvement in the dynamic performance of the thresher. To improve the dynamic performance of thresher, dynamic balancing of the thresher drum was performed. Dynamic balancing was conducted on thresher drum of a small multi crop thresher and a small wheat thresher. For dynamic balancing of thresher drum a set-up was developed. The vibration amplitude and power consumption of thresher was measured and compare before and after the balancing of thresher. The vibration amplitude and power consumption were analyzed at five levels of cylinder speed (300 rpm, 360 rpm, 420 rpm, 480 rpm and 540 rpm) in multi crop thresher and at four levels of cylinder speed (720 rpm, 870 rpm, 1080 rpm and 1160 rpm) in the wheat thresher on load and no load conditions. It was observed that the vibration amplitude and power consumption reduced after the balancing of thresher drum of both the threshers. In multi crop thresher the maximum reduction in vibration amplitude on no load and on load was noted as 41.62% at the frame adjacent to the bearing of the thresher drum shaft (LM4) and 38.38% at the second upper corner of the frame supporting the thresher drum (LM2), respectively. In wheat thresher the maximum reduction in vibration amplitude on no load and on load was noted as 52.10% at the third upper corner of the frame of thresher (LW3) and 58.33% at feeding chute (LW6). Maximum reduction in power consumption on no load was measured 6.08% and 7.76% in multi crop and wheat thresher, respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Design and development of rotary plough for hills
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Bist, Vijendra Singh; Singh, Jayant
    By keeping in mind the problem faced by the farmers in hilly areas and to promote farm mechanization a new type of rotary plough is designed. The designed rotary plough has straight knife edge blades which were attached on circular flange. Power from main engine shaft is transmitted to the rotary blades by using bevel and spur gear transmission system. The effect of forward speeds, depth of operation and soil moisture content on fuel consumption, actual field capacity, field efficiency, energy required per unit area and total cost were studied. Two soil moisture content (12.73 and 14.56 %), two forward speeds (1.5 and 2 km/h) and three depths of operation (5.5±0.5, 7.5±0.5 and 9.5±0.5 cm) have been chosen. The results showed that, the minimum value of fuel consumption was 0.98 l/h and recorded when the forward speed was 1.5km/h at depth of 5.5±0.5 cm and soil moisture content 14.56 %. The minimum value of effective field capacity was 0.038 ha/h when forward speed was 1.8 km/h, soil moisture content 12.73% and under depth of operation 9.5±0.5 cm. The highest field efficiency was 86.90% with 1.5 km /h forward speed at 5.5±0.5 cm depth of operation mm and soil moisture content 14.56%. The lower value of total cost was 2740 ₹/ha and was obtained when the forward speed was 2 km/h at 5.5±0.5 cm depth of operation and soil moisture content 14.56 %. The lowest value of energy required per unit area 181.47 MJ/ha was obtained at 2 km/h forward speed and soil moisture content of 14.56% at 5.5±0.5 cm depth of operation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of feed and load on methane emission from the rumen of he-buffalo
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Akanksha; Singh, Jayant