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20213
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Subject: Family Resource Management × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    An analytical study of domestic e-waste management and disposal methods of Gadag district of Karnataka state
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-08) Kumbar, Aishwarya B.; Vats, Aditi
    Non-functional earphones, headphones, old discarded TV, unused radio, lot of nonoperated cable, damaged and broken mobile chargers, TV remotes, useless parts of electronics etc. are completely stored or occupied in every common man's house. With or without sufficient knowledge, opportunities and facilities making this type of scenario even worse. The e-waste means electrical and electronic equipment, whole or in part discarded as waste by consumer or bulk consumer as well as rejects from manufacturing, refurbishment and repair process (MoEF).The deposition of e waste increasing rapidly day by day and so as the household or domestic e-waste nowhere in calculation. The improper disposal of e-waste leads to deadly situations to both human health and environment. So there is need for awareness programmes and facilities to dispose electrical and electronic equipment in a proper manner. If the proper disposal of electrical and electronic equipment happened at a grass root level i.e. household level, half of the problems of e-waste is solved. A descriptive cum experimental research followed for this study. A total of 120 respondents were selected randomly from five different wards i.e. ward number 1, 22, 29, 34 and 35 which are randomly chosen from Gadag city of Gadag district, Karnataka state. The pre-coded interview schedule knowledge tool and awareness scale were used to collect information required for this study. The collected data was tabulated and analysed with the help of a descriptive and statistical analyses (frequency, percentage, Chi square test and fisher's exact test). From the study it was found that all the respondents disposed e waste with the municipal waste that is solid waste. The knowledge of respondents was appreciable but the awareness yet to be accomplished towards e-waste. The respondents were aware about the effects of risk of hazardous materials on human health and environment that are present in e-waste. An experimental research revealed that e-waste can also be used to make accessories and bricks, that could enhance the possibility of collecting of household or domestic e-waste in view to make certain objects. Through proper guidelines, awareness and with complete cooperation from government, the events can be properly managed and can be converted into an income generating activity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    A study on musculoskeletal disorders of stone masonry workers in high hills of Kumaon region of Uttarakhand
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-02) Arya, Neha; Sharma, Promila
    Stone masonry work is one of the main economic activity after agriculture at hilly areas, it supply the bulk of varying aggregates to the construction industry within the region and beyond. Stones are widely used building material for commercial as well as for residential purpose. It includes construction of residential units buildings, roads, walls, bridges and so on. Therefore workers who are involved in stone masonry work performed various activities like extraction, breaking, loading and unloading, crushing, shaping and layering of the stones are at the state of high risk of occupational hazards. All above stated activities are very injurious to their health. Therefore the present study was purposively conducted in Kumaon region of Uttarakhand in Nainital district under Dhari block. From Dhari block 5 villages were purposively selected (Paharpani, Manjuli, Meladob, Johnpokhra, Sheelalekh). A total of 120 stone masonry workers were randomly selected from these respective village. The results revealed that while performing these activities/ operations, by manually they were suffering from physical, ergonomic, biological, environmental, psychosocial and respiratory hazards and they totally ignoring this due to zero job option. Accident, injuries, and musculoskeletal discomfort were most common among them. Along with that material handling was also done manually by workers in hilly areas. They used to carry heavy loads on their head (67%) shoulder (16.32%),hand (4%) without using any load carrying device or vehicle due to ignorance. Majority 88.33 percent of the workers felt musculoskeletal discomfort. Majority 95 percent of the workers were adopting awkward posture during task. Maximum 84.16 percent workers were working in forceful motion. Around 39 percent of the workers stated that the tools were poorly designed.53.33 percent of the workers were at risk of physical hazards while lifting, followed by 54.16 percent workers experienced vibration in hands while performing activities like extraction, breaking, crushing and shaping. 83.33 percent of the workers felt fatigue during and after activities. Maximum 84.16 percent of the workers reported that activities they were performing cause pain. High RPE score of 9 was found during breaking activity, whereas the lowest score of 5 was found during shaping and layering activities. Results of REBA 45.33 percent workers were lies under AL4 which interprets high risk level and immediate change was required,33.33 percent workers in AL3 (medium risk and change is required soon), 16 percent of the workers comes under the action level AL5 (very high risk, and required immediate change now). Similarly in case of RULA 48 percent workers were lies under AL7 which interprets high risk level and immediate change was required, 34.66 percent workers in AL5- AL6 (medium risk and change was required soon), 17.33 percent of the workers were fall under the action level AL3 - AL4 (low risk, change may be needed).Results for WERA shows that majority 82.66 percent of the workers involved in various activities were fall under the medium action level that indicating (Task is need to further investigate and required change). The correlation coefficient values shows that musculoskeletal discomfort are dependent on age, work pattern and mode of load and had a significant relationship with these independent variables. A significant relation was found between age and level of musculoskeletal discomfort in various body parts with respect to activities in Chi square test. After analysis all issues in stone masonry work ergonomically sound wooden trolley was designed for workers involved in loading and unloading for eliminating the risk of musculoskeletal disorders among them.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Occupational health hazards among the employees engaged in laundry sectors
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-02) Pant, Kanchan; Kwatra, Seema
    Laundry has wide-ranged working operations with frequent risks differ both in type and intensity. The laundry workers are often exposed to various conditions leading to chemical biological and ergonomic hazards. These hazardous conditions harm their health and well beings. So, it is necessary to prevent occupational accidents and ill health caused by harmful factors in the workplace. Keeping this in view, the study was designed to understand the actual working conditions prevailing in laundry sector with the following objectives: to assess various tasks involved in laundry i.e. collection of clothes, rinsing, brushing, squeezing, ironing, folding etc., to identify perceptions of respondents' working environment and their working experience, to identify physical demands, perceived discomfort, complexity of task and fatigue during laundry work. Evaluation of physiological cost of work, different occupational health hazards and posture adopted by laundry workers. Besides this, current status of the use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) by laundry worker and appropriate preventive measures to mitigate occupational health hazards. Respondents were chosen from two district U. S. Nagar and Nainital of Uttarakhand State. Purposive and random sampling were used for data collection. A total of 120 respondents were taken for the study purpose. Descriptive cum experimental methods were used for data collection. For descriptive method questionnaire, checklist and subjective scales were used. Experimental study included Total Cardiac Cost of Work,VO2 Max, anthropometric data, grip strength and goniometric analysis of posture. Further observational method - RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment), REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment), LUBA (Postural Loading on the Upper Body Assessment), WERA (Working Ergonomic Risk Assessment), Job Strain Index, Rodgers Muscle Fatigue Analysis were also used for the study. Suitable statistical analysis was done. Results revealed that rinsing was found to be most strenuous activity followed by ironing and brushing amongst all the laundry activities. Collection of clothes to and fro to the place of washing was also found to be heavy and tiring. The respondents were facing problems during rinsing because of prolonged bending in conventional method, they also faced problems during ironing as this activity involved a lot of standing. During the collection of clothes, they also faced fatigue. On the whole washing and ironing activities created many negative impacts on laundry workers. Respondents were facing back pain, joints pain, itching and irritation in skin mainly. Environmental conditions and harmful laundry material aggregated this negative impact on the health of the respondents. So for this, some ergonomic solutions were given to laundry workers. Hand washer was suggested for rinsing washed clothes and thus avoiding prolonged bending. This washer will also provide them ease in rinsing activity. An adjustable chair was designed thorough Auto CAD to avoid prolonged standing and joints pain for ironing activity. Trolley was also suggested to reduce extra movements for carrying the clothes by hand or bucket. An awareness training was conducted to impart them knowledge of manual handling of tools, goods working posture, resting time periods during work to help them to avoid risk factors and occupational health hazards.