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Subject: Entomology × End date: 2004 × Start date: 2004 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bio-efficacy of plant extracts against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-07) Sandeep kumar; Singh, C.P.
    During the investigation on Bio-efficacy of leaf extracts and other part of 10 plant species against Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), the Ethyl alcohol extract of Achyranthus aspara proved strong antifeedant followed by Datura alba, Cannabis sativa and proved to be slight antifeedant and acetone extract of D.alba, A.indica and Eucalyptus globulus classified as moderately antifeedant. The ethyl acetate extracts of different 10 plants show slightly antifeedant and moderately antifeedant activity. The insecticidal activity of 10 plants was bioasseyed by treated host leaves against 3 days old larvae of S. litura. The highest larval mortality was obtained from acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of Azadirachta indica and Parthenium hysterophorus using treated host leaf method which followed by Cannabis sativa and Datura alba. The larval period was prolonged when they were fed upon the host leaves treated with acetone extracts of Achyranthus aspara, Terminalia arjuna and Parthenium hysterophorus. The longest pupal period was observed when the larvae were fed on the treated host leaves with crude extract of Datura alba and Cannabis sativa in all the solvents. The extract of Azadirachta indica showed minimum pupation and the extracts of Cannabis sativa and Datura alba showed minimum adult emergence in all the three solvents. The feeding on extract of Azadirachta indica resulted into the highest deformities during development of S. litura. Thus plant extracts altered the feeding egg laying, survival & development of Spodoptera litura.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of traditional pest control methods against insect pests of soybean
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-07) Malik, Rohit; Shri Ram
    The present investigation was carried out at CRC, Pantnagar and laboratory of Department of Entomology for the “Evaluation of traditional pest control methods against insect pests of soybean”. Soybean ranks first among all the oil seed crops, based on their production in world, but this crop is being damaged by several insect pests which are major constraints to achieve healthy production. This can be achieve by chemical controls. But now more emphasis is given to the natural insecticides as they can biodegradable and less harmfull to environment. Results showed that datura and neem leaves decoction with cow urine (10% conc.) and poisnous butter milk proved to be somewhat effective in controlling leaf defoliators and also having some impact to reduce adults whitefly population and percent infestation by girdle beetle. The yield was higher in all the treatments than control so it can be concluded that dairy by-products have some yield promoting capacity too. Larval parasitisation of Bihar hairy caterpillar was significantly higher in all the treatments in comparison to chemical control.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on queen rearing, royal jelly production and thermoregulation in Apis mellifera (L.) and relative abundance of Apis species on Tecoma plants
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-07) Sajwan, Suresh Chandra Singh; Mall, Pramod
    The present investigation was envisaged to study the queen rearing technique devised by Doolittle. The 10 bee frame strength queenless cell builder colonies were used to study the effect of diameter of queen cell cups on the percent successful queen bee emergence. Queen cell cups with internal diameter of 9.2 mm were most preferred for queen rearing by the honey bees. A slightly modified larval grafting method devised by Doolittle was adopted for Royal Jelly production, to study the effect of harvesting time of Royal Jelly from day of grafting on its production in terms of weight. The maximum production was recorded when Royal Jelly was harvested from queen cell cups 72 hrs from day of grafting. Thermoregulatory structures i.e. black polythene, rice straw, wheat straw, thermacole sheets and sugarcane dead leaves were used to study the effect of these structures on brood rearing activities during winter. The maximum brood area was recorded in colonies covered with black polythene, however none of the structures had any significant effect on brood area. On the basis of relative abundance of different species of honey bees on Tecoma, foraging activities was computed in October when Pantnagar lacks flora rich in nectar and pollen. Among all Apis species, Apis mellifera had the highest visitation as compared to other recorded species
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of some fungicides on Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) by artificial diet incorporation method
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-07) Ramani, Yalla Vijaya V.; Chhibbar, R.C.
    Tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest. This insect pest is widely distributed throughout India. This pest has constant association with many agricultural crops causing losses to pulses, oilseeds and vegetables and is widely distributed in South East Asia. Now-a-days large scale use of synthetic organic insecticides to control this pest result in development of resistance against insecticides belonging to different groups. Therefore, to overcome the problems of insecticidal resistance, pest management, secondary outbreaks of pests due to indiscriminate use of pesticides, a need is felt for adopting an ecofriendly IPM programme of S. litura. In order to manage both insects and fungus and as a part of IPM programme, attempts were made to investigate the effect of fungicides on the developmental profile of S. litura. In addition, attempts were made to understand toxicity of fungicides on this insect. Six commonly used fungicides were tested. They were Bavistin 50 WP (carbendazim) (0.2, 0.1, 0.005, 0.025, 0.0125 and 0.00625 percent), Thiram 75 WP (0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.025 and 0.00125 percent), Matco 72 WP (Metalaxyl 8 percent + Mancozeb 64 percent) (0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.025 and 0.0125 percent), Sulfex 80 WP (sulphur) (0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.025 and 0.0125 percent), Vitavax 75 WP (carboxin) (0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.025 and 0.0125 percent), Captan 83 WP (0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.025 and 0.125 percent) were tested by artificial diet incorporation method. The levels of fungicides tested were two doses above and three doses below the recommended field dose. Various concentrations of above fungicides were prepared by serial dilution method. This experiments were conducted at 28 + 10C temperature and 75 + 5 r.h. Observations were recorded on larval survival at 24 hr interval, are larval period, pupal period, percent pupation and percent adult emergence. From three observations growth index and success index were computed. Data recorded on larval mortality caused by fungicides were subjected to probit analysis. Larval period is not significantly prolonged for Bavistin and Captan. But significantly prolonged for Vitavax, Matco, Sulfex and Thiram than artificial diet alone. Pupal period is not significantly prolonged for all fungicides tested except captan and thiram as compared to artificial diet alone. Percent pupation significantly reduced for all fungicides. Based on initial population, adult emergence significantly reduced for all fungicides. Growth and success indices are also lowered for all fungicides diets (except 0.4 % sulfex and 0.4 % thiram) than artificial diet alone indicating inferiority of tested diets over control. LC50 ranged from 0.048 to 6.64 for Bavistin, 0.07 to 1.14 for Vitavax, 0.15 to 0.30 for Matco, 0.02 to 0.19 for Captan, 0.097 to 0.06 percent for sulfex and 0.057 to 0.06 for Thiram when, calculated on the bases of above three parameters. Comparison of six fungicides on the bases of LC50 on a specific day revealed the order of toxicity as Thiram = Sulfex > Captan > Matco > Vitavax > Bavistin.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of crop losses due to rice insect pests and management of yellow stem borer through pheromone traps
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2004-08) Jones Philip Andrew, B.; Tiwari, S.N.
    The experiments were conducted in Pusa Basmati rice at Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology to study the crop losses due to insect pest in rice and the role of sex pheromone in management of YSB. Damage of leaf defoliators were simulated and results indicated that 14.49 and 18.74 per cent leaf defoliation may be taken for economic injury level of defoliators and control measures should be initiated at 10.87 and 14.06 per cent defoliation, at 90 and 105 DAT. The stem borers damage was simulated artificially and the economic injury level was worked out under two series of conditions at 40, 50 and 60 DAT viz., in presence of natural white ears, the economic injury levels were determined to be 20.02, 9.7 and 5.19 per cent dead heart at 40, 50 and 60 DAT and the corresponding ETLs were 15.15, 7.27 and 3.89 per cent dead heart and in absence of natural white ears, the EILs were determined to be 16.72, 9.88 and 6.04 per cent dead heart and the corresponding ETLs were 12.59, 7.41 and 4.53 per cent dead heart at 40, 50 and 60 DAT, respectively. The pheromone lures manufactured by Biotech International Ltd, New Delhi and Pest Control India (Pvt.) Ltd., Mumbai were equally effective in mass trapping of YSB. Maximum population was observed on 7th and 8th October, 2003 (9.27 and 8.23 males/trap). The damage of YSB in pheromone trap installed plot remained below economic injury level and number of females and egg masses/hill also remained very low through out crop season. So, the mass trapping of male is effective in keeping the damage of YSB below EIL if installed @ 20 traps/ha keeping a distance of 20 and 25 m, respectively, between traps and rows.