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20201
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Subject: Entomology × Author: Azhagarraja, S. × End date: 2020 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    Studies on diversity and population dynamics of non-Apis bees under the influence of meteorological parameters at Pantnagar
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-12) Azhagarraja, S.; Mall, Pramod
    The present work, “Studies on diversity and population dynamics of non-Apis bees under the influence of meteorological parameters at Pantnagar” was carried out in three sites of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during the study period of May, 2019 to April, 2020. The selected study sites were hostel area, garden section and Crop Research Center (CRC). A total of 63 non-Apis bee species were documented belonging to 23 genera under five families viz., Megachilidae (5 genera with 23 bee species), Apidae (5 genera with 21 bee species), Halictidae (6 genera with 12 bee species), Colletidae (1 genus with 5 bee species). Highest relative abundance (59.10) was found to have by Tetragonula iridipennis and lowest relative abundance (0.07) had by 23 non-Apis bees. The genus such as Hylaeus, Pseudoanthidiumand Epeolus were found to be new distributional record from this area. DMg showed a species richness of the selected study sites was high in CRC (5.617) followed by hostel area (5.482) and garden (4.879). DMn followed similar trend of DMg, with results like, CRC (1.912), hostel area (1.478) and garden (1.433). SDI (D) found to be highest in hostel area (0.675) followed by garden (0.617) and CRC (0.585). Whereas Shannon Index (H’) was highest in hostel (2.036) followed by CRC (1.77) and garden (1.73). Pielou’s (J’) evenness index showed that bee population in hostel is more even (0.190) than that of garden (0.180) and CRC (0.167). Rank abundance curve exposed that proportional to diversity of bees are highest in hostel area followed by garden and CRC. In the present investigation, 50 species of flowering plants under 45 genera and 22 families were reported as potential bee floral resources. Family Asteraceae was found to have highest bee plant diversity with maximum of 14 plant species. The plants visited by highest number of bees are Tridax procumbens (17 bee species), Cuphea hyssopifolia (13 bee species), Cajanus cajan (12 bee species) and Brassica juncea (11 bee species). Pearson’s correlation co-efficient (r) revealed that population dynamics of non-Apis bee species are positively correlated with maximum temperature and sunshine hour. In contrast negatively correlated with minimum temperature, morning relative humidity, evening relative humidity, rainfall, rainy days and wind speed. A bimodal peak (post monsoon peak and spring peak) of bee abundance was observed in seasonal variation in bee population during the study period in the selected study sites and winter spell reported in the months of December, January and February. During the peak summer time (May) number of bees was reported less due to cessation in the flowering stage of many bee plants.