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ThesisItem Open Access Combined effect of entomopathogens with biorationals and chemical insecticides against some major insect pests of pulses(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-09) Adarsha, K.; Purwar, J.P.The present investigation was conducted during rabi season of 2020-21 at Norman. E. Borlaug. Crop Research Centre, Integrated Pest Management Laboratory and Insect Pathology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand) with the objective to test compatibility of B. bassiana and B. thuringiensis with botanical insecticides, insect growth regulators (IGRs) and with chemical insecticides. Bioassay tests were performed to find combined effect of B. bassiana and B. thuringiensis with botanicals, IGRs and chemical insecticides against Spodoptera litura (Fab.). Field trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of B. bassiana with biorationals and chemical insecticides against sucking insect pests of Lentil. Compatibility study of B. bassiana with different biorationals and chemical insecticides indicated that U. dioica extract, A. pyrethrum extract, novaluron, spinosad, spinetoram and imidacloprid were found compatible with B. bassiana at all the lethal and sub-lethal concentrations, while diafenthiuron, profenofos, indoxacarb and flubendiamide were found incompatible with B. bassiana. In case of B. thuringiensis, U. dioica extract, novaluron, spinosad, spinetoram, indoxacarb and imidacloprid poisoned media exhibited minimum inhibition and found highly compatible to B. thuringiensis population growth at all its lethal and sublethal concentrations. while diafenthiuron and profenofos showed maximum inhibition to growth of B. thuringiensis at all of their lethal and sublethal doses. Bio assay tests were carried out to study the effect of these entomopathogens on the toxicity of botanicals, IGRs and chemical insecticides against 6 days old larvae of S. litura (Fab.). All the combination treatments showed higher dose-mortality response than the sole treatment of entomopathogen or the insecticide except indoxacarb. The combination of insecticides with B. bassiana showed 1.006–5.09 fold increase in toxicity of insecticides over sole treatment, while the increase was 1.15–5.74 fold in case of B. thuringiensis. Spinetoram 11.70 SC, novaluron 10.00 EC and flubendiamide 39.35 SC can be used in combination with these entomopathogens for the management of S. litura. Combinations of B. bassiana with biorationals and chemical insecticides were evaluated against major sucking insect pests (Aphis Craccivora & Acyrthosiphon Pisum) of lentil in field conditions. Treatments B. bassiana + profenofos, B. bassiana + imidacloprid, B. bassiana + diafenthiuron and B. bassiana + thiamethoxam were found more effective against the aphids among all the treatments. The present study indicated that flubendiamide, profenofos and diafenthiuron were found incompatible with either B. bassiana and B. thuringiensis under laboratory conditions. However, flubendiamide and profenofos with B. bassiana and B. thuringiensis showed synergistic effect against S. litura. Under field condition profenofos and diafenthiuron showed better results against aphids infesting lentil.
