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Subject: Electrical Engineering × Author: Pant, Shikha × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Tech. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in a part of Tons river basin
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-02) Pant, Shikha; Shiv Kumar
    The present study was conducted in a part of Tons river basin located in Dehradun district of Garhwal division of Uttarakhand. The sampling of groundwater of shallow aquifer was done at 16 locations in May 2012 and May 2019 by Central groundwater board, Dehradun and the collected groundwater samples were analyzed for 15 physico-chemical parameters. Piper plot was drawn to know the hydrochemical facies of the groundwater. Spatial distribution of 15 parameters was done with help of Kriging in ARC GIS. Factor analysis was applied to determine the dominating physico-chemical parameters contributing to the pollution of groundwater at a particular sampling site. Drinking water quality was assessed using BIS standards and drinking water quality index. The groundwater of the study area was also assessed for irrigation using irrigation water quality index, seven irrigation water quality parameters and the criteria given by Richard (1954), Wilcox (1955), Westcot and Ayers (1984). On the basis of this study, the piper plot diagram was found to be an easy and effective way to determine hydrochemical facies in groundwater. For both the years, most dominant hydrochemical facies was Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3 -. On the basis of spatial distribution, the groundwater was found to be polluted at Gularghati, Purkulgaon, Majra, Bhatta and Baronwala. On the basis of factor analysis, it was concluded that the sampling sites Baronwala and Ramgarh were most polluted sampling sites. The groundwater at all the sampling sites in the study area was found suitable for drinking. According to the irrigation water quality index, the groundwater of the shallow aquifer in the study area should be used with low to moderate restrictions, with the exception of groundwater at Selaqui and Redapur for the year 2012 and Selaqui and Chorba for the year 2019 which should be used with a high restriction. On the basis of criteria given by Richard (1954), the groundwater at all the sampling sites was low to medium saline while alkalinity was found to be low at all sampling sites for both the years. On the basis of criteria given by Wilcox (1955), the groundwater was found to be under excellent, good or permissible class for irrigation, on the basis of percent sodium and EC for both the years. On the basis of criteria given by Westcot and Ayers (1984), the groundwater of the study area was found to have no effect or slight to moderate effect on the availability of water to the crops for both the years, while there was no effect on the sensitivity of the crops for both the years whereas severe effect on permeability of soil was found at six sampling sites, if the groundwater of the study area is used for irrigation.