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20122
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Subject: Clothing and Textiles × Author: Kesarwani, Priyanka × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Extraction and processing of agro-based fibres (Helicteres isora l. and Pterospermum acerifolium l.) for making nonwoven and union fabric
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2012-12) Kesarwani, Priyanka; Shahnaz Jahan
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Extraction and processing of agro-based fibres (Helicteres isora L. and Pterospermum acerifolium L.) for making nonwoven and union fabric
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2012-12) Kesarwani, Priyanka; Shahnaz Jahan
    Bast fibers are receiving renewed attention in the quest to increase the use of sustainable fibers in all kinds of textile products. Among the plant species, Helicteres isora L. (Marorphali) shrub and Pterospermum acerifolium L. (Kanak Champa) tree has a great potential for the extraction of the fibres. The fibres can be extracted from stem of Marorphali shrub and shoots of Kanak Champa tree. The utilization of these natural fibres can replace synthetic products used by the people. It will also create employment which will prove to be cost effective and ecologically sustainable. Therefore, keeping in view the importance, utility and availability of the Marorphali and Kanak Champa plants, the study was undertaken with the objectives to extract and process Marorphali and Kanak Champa fibres, to test the properties of the untreated and treate prepare yarn from Marorphali and Kanak Champad fibres, to prepare yarn from Marorphali and Kanak Champa fibres and assessment of their properties and to prepare union and nonwoven fabrics from these fibres and assessment of their properties. Marorphali fibre was extracted by water retting and was scoured with sodium hydroxide. The Kanak Champa fibre was extracted by chemical retting and was bleached with hydrogen peroxide. The extracted fibres were termed as untreated fibres and the processed fibres were termed as treated fibres. Physical and chemical properties of both Marorphali and Kanak Champa (untreated and treated) fibres were tested and it was found that treated fibres had better physical and chemical properties due to the removal of non cellulosic component from the untreated fibres. The treated Marorphali and Kanak Champa fibres were cut, opened and carded. Both the fibres were blended with cotton fibres, to prepare hand spun yarns on Bhageshwari Charkha. The properties of yarns were tested and it was found that among the two hand spun yarns Marorphali-cotton blended yarn had better strength, elongation, yarn count except the yarn evenness which was found more in Kanak Champa-cotton blended yarn. The union fabrics were prepared on handloom from each blended yarn using cotton yarn as a warp and blended yarn as a weft. The properties of the union fabrics were also tested. The union fabrics prepared with these yarns exhibited good strength and elongation. These fabrics were thick and stiff; the fabrics were heavy in weight and had medium drapeability. The abrasion resistance of these fabrics was also found to be good. As these properties of the fabrics are suitable for home furnishing items therefore, these fabrics may be utilized for home furnishing and various handicraft items. Nonwoven fabrics were prepared from treated Marorphali and Kanak Champa fibres by needle punching method. The properties of the nonwoven fabrics were tested and it was found that both the nonwoven fabrics were thick and light in weight they had good thermal insulation. The moisture regain property of the fibres in nonwoven was also good therefore; nonwoven fabrics made from these fibres may be used in agrotextiles for mulching. It may also be utilized as thermal insulation and sound absorbent medium. Biocomposites, floor covering, carpets and numerous home furnishing and handicrafts items can also be prepared by these nonwoven fabrics. Thus it can be concluded that Marorphali and Kanak Champa fibres has the potential to be used for the preparation of union and nonwoven fabric which can have numerous application.