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ThesisItem Open Access Parametric study of cable suspended roofs under static loads(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2014-06) Sati, Pooja; Vaneeta DeviSince 1950, there has been a growing interest to use covered area of long spans using tension structures. The development of the high tensile steel cable has made it possible. Cable roof have a wide field of application and have been used to cover such differing buildings as stadia and sports hall, swimming pools and water reservoirs, concert halls and theatres, hangers, warehouses and factories. With the increase in the demand of suspended cable roof system, theoretical research work in the field of analysis of them has also increased, though the analysis of a cable structure is quite complex, advent of electronic digital computer enable to make detailed study of them. The main aim of the present work is to investigate the behaviour of cable Suspended roofs under static loads. Cable roofs have been analysed as a discrete system by mean of stiffness method, using an already available computer programme after necessary modifications. Influence of different parameters, such as level of pretension, area of crosssection of cables on maximum deflection, maximum member force and maximum change in member force has been studied. The results are used to investigate the factors that affect the response and design of cable suspended roofs. Also these results are presented in the form of X-Y graphs plotted using non-dimensional parameters. Recommendations are given regarding selection of number of cables, area of cross-section and force of pretension for design of cable net roof and to cover circular plan area.ThesisItem Open Access Optimal reservoir operation for hydropower generation considering turbine characteristics(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-10) Purohit, Chetna; Mahar, P.S.In today's world distribution and use of water being a major issue of concern, optimal reservoir operation has become necessary to accommodate water according to various needs. In reservoir operation, optimal release is determined with time period. Hydropower generation is one of the major activity for which the releases from a reservoir are used. Reservoir operation can be achieved in two ways, standard operating policy and optimal operating policy. In this study, a mathematical model has been developed using nonlinear programming for determining optimal reservoir release with maximizing the generated hydropower. Equations representing the continuity, release, storage, head, water elevation and the turbine characteristics have been imposed as constraints in the optimization model. The solution of the developed model provides generated hydropower and optimal reservoir releases. Applicability of the developed optimization model has been illustrated for the reservoir created by Tehri dam in Uttarakhand. The effect of the turbine characteristics has been investigated in the optimal generation of hydropower. The optimal reservoir release and generated hydropower were obtained for ten years as the desired output. From the results, it is inferred that the generated hydropower is more for the same value of release when turbine characteristics are considered.ThesisItem Open Access Behaviour of RCC buildings on hill slopes under seismic loads(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-05) Rawat, Sunil Singh; Sunil KumarMost of the hilly regions of India are highly seismic. A building on hill slope differs in different way from other buildings. Buildings situated in hilly areas are much more vulnerable to seismic environment. The various floors of such building steps back towards the hill slope and at the same time buildings may have setbacks also. Analysis of hill buildings is somewhat different than the buildings on levelled ground, since the column of such building rests at different levels on the slope. In present study, the analysis of G+3 and G+4 buildings on varying slope angles i.e. 00, 7.50, 150, 22.50 and 300 has been conducted. Both type of building configurations (step back and step back setback) has been considered. The seismic forces are considered as per IS: 1893‐2002. The buildings are considered in seismic zone IV and damping ratio 5%. Seismic analysis has been done using Linear Static, Linear Dynamic method. 3D analytical model of buildings have been generated and analyzed using structural analysis tool “STAAD.Pro 2007” to study the effect of varying height of columns in ground storey due to sloping ground. The response parameters base shear, top storey displacement, shear in bottom storey column, time period are critically analyzed to quantify the effects of various sloping ground. It is found that column on the higher side of slope i.e. short columns are subjected to large shear force than longer columns on lower side. The step back setback buildings performed better than step back buildings under earthquake forces. The base shear and top storey displacement in step back setback buildings is much lower than the setback buildings on the sloping ground.ThesisItem Open Access Study of seismic performance of reinforced concrete frames using steel bracing(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-06) Tewari, Monika; Verma, V.K.ThesisItem Open Access Comparison of approximate methods of lateral load analysis for buildings(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-05) Varshney, Jay Kumar; Sunil KumarThe safety and serviceability of a structure depend on how accurately the forces and the response associated with it are determined. Various precise methods of analysis have been well documented in the literature for structural analysis. Computer programs provide results with good cost and time efficiency. The main problem is that structural engineers are using these softwares as black box and gross errors are left undetected. This problem can be overcome by using fast and efficient methods which yield results which are approximate and acceptable. These methods are called approximate methods and they have been used successfully for the analysis of the structures. In present study the analysis of G+2 and G+3 building frames with several geometric configuration has been conducted. These building frames have been analysed by Approximate methods, Exact methods and STAAD.Pro V8i software. The various approximate methods used in this study are Continuous portal frame method, Cantilever method, Kani’s method, and Factor’s method. The Exact method used is Stiffness matrix method. The problems have been deduced from symmetrical frame to unsymmetrical frame by removing some beams and columns from a given symmetric frame of G+2 and G+3. In this work five such frames have been analysed using these methods. The various response parameters such as shear forces, beam moments, column moments and axial shear on each storey of a particular frame has been analysed. These results of approximate methods have been compared with the exact method of structural analysis and STAAD.Pro V8i. It is found that the maximum error in the axial forces in beam is about 27.48% while the error in axial forces in column is 461.54%, maximum error in Beam moments is 140.19% while in Column moments 131.92%, and maximum error in Shear in beams is 38.36% while maximum error in Shear in columns is 168.31%.ThesisItem Open Access Optimal design of gravity-fed trunk sewer lines(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-06) Singh, Deepak; Mahar, P.S.A sewerage system consists of a network of sewer pipes laid in order to carry the sewage from individual homes to the sewage treatment plant. The design of sewer system for disposing the domestic sewage should be such that the velocity remains within the permissible limits. The traditional method is a trial and error method which is time consuming and may not be economical. Many researchers addressed the problem of sewer line design on the basis of minimizing the cost. Most of methods developed by these investigators assumed a linear or nonlinear cost equation for the objective function that can be solved using standard available mathematical algorithms. The main objective of this study is to develop optimization models for designing trunk sewer lines. A linear programming model and a dynamic programming model has been developed for minimizing the total cost of the sewer system satisfying the requirements of discharge, minimum and maximum velocities, length between two successive manholes. The objective of the optimization models is to minimize the capital cost of the sewer system and select the optimal depth of laying the sewer system. The total costs involve the cost of pipe, cost of excavation for laying the pipe and cost of excavation at manholes. The cost per unit length of each link of sewer lines is taken as the input variable for this study. These models select that link which has the minimum cost per unit length. On the basis of minimum cost per unit length of links, the optimal pipes sizes are selected from the available diameters in the market. The developed optimization models have been applied to a design example. The performance of the developed linear programming based optimization model is evaluated for two other sets of slopes. The results obtained in this study shows that the optimal cost of the designed sewer network increases with the increase of slope of the pipes. The linear programming model resulting in more economical design than the dynamic programming model.ThesisItem Open Access Stabilization of soil using chloride compounds(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2015-06) Negi, Anchal; Gupta, S.S.Soil stabilization is the process of improving the geotechnical properties of soil. It is the process of altering the soil properties to improve its engineering performance. Generally there are two methods of soil stabilization mechanical and chemical stabilization. Chemical stabilization is a method of improving the engineering properties of soil by adding chemicals or other materials. There are various chemicals and agents that can be used for soil stabilization. Salts such as calcium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride are commonly used to decrease volume change and increase density of stabilized system. In the present study attempts have been made to study the variation in geotechnical properties of soil mixed with chloride compounds in various percentages. Chloride compounds such as sodium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride and potassium chloride were used for the analysis. Chloride salts were procured from Balaji Scientific and chemicals supplier, Haldwani, Nainital. The soil was collected from the fields of Sitarganj, U.S.Nagar for laboratory testing. The overall testing program was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the geotechnical characteristics of soil were studied separately by conducting laboratory tests. In the second phase, soil mixed with 2%, 4% and 8% of chloride compounds were subjected to various tests like Standard proctor test, Atterberg limit analysis test, California bearing ratio test, Unconfined compressive strength test.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of micro silica fume and RBI grade 81 on geotechnical properties of soil(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Kohli, Rakesh; Sanjeev SumanThesisItem Open Access Modification of geotechnical properties of soil using stone dust and lime(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Prasad, Bhagwati; Gupta, SandeepIndustrialization and urbanization have been the two world wide phenomenon in the present century. Many industries generated inert solid waste material. The disposal of this industrial solid waste materials is more important in view of the availability of land for such purposes which is depleting with each passing year. The greatest challenge before the processing and manufacturing industries is the disposal of the industrial waste. One of the common and feasible ways to utilize these waste products is to explore their use in the construction of roads, highways, embankments as a fill material. India is a developing country and the aggregate is mostly needed for construction work. Stone crushers are used to produce such aggregate which in turn lead to the generation of stone dust as a waste. India is the highest producer of dimensional stones in the world accounting for over 27% of the world stone production. About 16 million tonnes of stone has produced annually (Source: State Department of Mines & Geology and All India Granites & Stones Association). This production of stone leads to the production of stone dust as a waste. Efforts are being made for disposing of stone dust by exploiting commercially in construction. The present study is focused on modifying the geotechnical properties of soil by adding different percentages of stone dust and lime. Stone dust was procured from the pal stone industries limited located at Lalkuan, Nainital, and (Uttarakhand). Lime used in the study was procured from Nagla Market, GBPUAT, Pantnagar and soil were collected from fields of Sitarganj (Khatima), and U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand). The overall testing was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the geotechnical properties of soil were studied by conducting laboratory tests. In the second phase, soil mixed with three different percentages of stone dust i.e., 10, 20, and 30% and four different percentages of lime i.e. 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% were subjected to various tests.