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20213
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Subject: Chemistry × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on N-arylsulfonamides containing thiophene and chromene moieties for their synthesis and antibacterial activity
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-02) Ajay Kumar; Kasana, Virendra
    N-arylsulfonamide derivatives containing thiophene, chromene and benzoxazole substituted chromene moieties were synthesized. N-substituted amino derivatives containing thiophene moiety were prepared by multi-component reactions (MCR) of substituted benzaldehydes, benzyl cyanide, malanonitrile and sulfur using organic catalyst L-proline. Multi-component reaction of substituted benzaldehydes, phenol and malanonitrile were catalyzed by L-proline afforded N-substituted amine derivatives containing chromene moiety. Benzoxazole substituted chromene moiety containing amino derivatives were synthesized from starting materials malanonitrile and 2-amino phenol to afford 2-(benzoxazol-2-yl) acetonitrile which was further reacted to phenol and substituted benzaldehydes using L-proline as catalyst to afford amino derivatives. The L-proline has been used as organocatalyst for these reactions first time. All above mentioned three different classes of amino derivatives were reacted with p-toluene sulfonyl chloride to afford final amide products. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhinurium, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus pathogenic bacterial strains. Some derivatives of synthesized compounds exhibited good antibacterial activity at concentration 10,000ppm. The thiophene, chromene and benzoxazole substituted chromene compounds synthesized may further be modified to develop a class of potential antibacterial agents.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Chemoprofiling, biochemical and pharmacological screening of various fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) genotypes
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-02) Mehra, Nisha; Viveka Nand
    The present study deals with the investigation of 11 fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) genotypes were evaluated for theirchemical composition, phytochemical assays, nutritional profiling, pharmacological attributes and biological activity. GC-MS analysis in hexane and methanolic extract demonstrated the identification of various phytoconstituents representing 70.79-100% of the total extract. A higher percentage of phytoconstituents was observed in methanolic extract of FNL-PM (100%). Various fatty acids and fatty esters were identified as dominant constituents in addition to minor components. Total phenolic content in hexane, chloroform and methanol extract were ranged (1.43±0.40 to 7.10±0.51), (1.34±0.39 to 0.76±0.01) and (4.78±1.56 to 32.90±0.79) mg GAEg-1. Flavonoid content ranged in hexane extract (0.57±0.26to2.98±0.65),in chloroform extract (0.40±0.19 to 1.95±0.35)and methanol extract (0.57±0.13 to 11.92±1.86)mg CAEg-1.Orthodihydric amount in hexane extract is (1.36±0.14-31.to 75±0.08), in chloroform extract (1.34±0.35 to 49.41±4.3) and methanol extract (22.46±0.26 to 59.57±0.30) mg CLEg-1. Proanthocyanidine content in hexane extracts (0.55±0.24 to 15.59±0.28),in chloroform extract (0.88±0.55 to 22.42±0.21)in methanol extract (10.47±0.17 to 33.62±0.34)mg CAEg- 1. In hexane extract, total tannins content (3.01±0.10 to 5.52±0.07), in chloroform extract (1.03±0.03 to 7.47±0.32)and methanol extract (3.67±0.22 to 8.42±0.32) mg TAEg- 1.Maximum DPPH scavenging activity exhibited in the hexane extract of FNL-PM (IC 50 = 443.88±0.91 μg/ml). Maximum hydroxyl radical scavenging in methanol extract of FNL-117 (IC50=414.74±1.35 μg/ml). High superoxide radical scavenging in the hexane extract of FNL-126 (IC50=420.68±1.09 μg/ml). Maximum nitric oxide radical scavenging potential found in hexane extract of FNL-117 (IC50=557.03±0.86 μg/ml). Strong chelation observed in hexane extract of FNL-118 (IC50=563.07±0.07 μg/ml). The highest FRAP activity observed in the methanol extract of FNL-126 (8.08±0.008 μ mole/g). All fennel genotypes were observed to be effective against bacterial strains in a dose dependent manner while FNL-117 have no inhibitory action against any bacteria. Maximum α-amylase observed in the hexane extract of FNL-125 (IC50=227.77±0.64 μg/ml) and high α-glucosidase activity in the hexane extract of FNL-120 (IC50=230.02±0.62 μg/ml). Higher anti-inflammatory potential observed in the hexane extract of FNL-124 (IB50=663.22±1.98 μg/ml). Proximate analysis in terms of ash, moisture, crude fat, crude fibre, total protein and carbohydrate content showed a rich nutritional value in fennel genotypes. The macro and micro-nutrient were observed in order Ca> K> Mg>Fe> Na> Ni>Cu>Mn>Cr>Co. Fennel genotypes demonstrated moderate herbicidal potential.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Ficus auriculata leaf, bark and fruit from different agro-climatic conditions of Uttarakhand
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2021-02) Tamta, Garima; Tandon, Shishir
    The present investigation conducted on fruits, leaves and bark of Ficus auriculata (Timul) collected from two agro-climatic conditions of Uttarakhand (Haldwani and Almora). Extract were done by successive soxhlet extraction method by three solvents viz. methanol, chloroform and hexane. Presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, fatty acids and glycosides were estimated by preliminary test. Phytoconstituent evaluated by GC-MS analysis showed various phytoconstituents in all extract. Some majore constituents were identified ƴ-sitosterol , lupeol, linoleic acid (methyl ester), kinic acid, phytol, oleic acid(methyl ester) and squalene. Several other fatty acids with minor phytoconstituents were also identified. Phenolics, Flavonoids, orthodihydric phenol, proanthocyanidin and tannin content were also found in good quantitiy. Fruits , leaves and bark were rich in nutritional potential including moisture, ash, crude fibre, crude fat, crude protein and carbohydrate contents. Elemental analysis were done by AAS to know micronutrients in plants and their quantity were present in the following order-: K>Mg>Ca>Fe>Ni>Na>Cu>Mn>Cr>Co. Antioxidant activity were done and the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity were exhibited by AUFME (IC50 =447.45±0.53μg/ml) and (IC50 =463.7±1.55μg/ml) respectively. HRFHE exhibited maximum nitric oxide and super oxide radical scavenging activity (IC50 =487.5±1.82 μg/ml) and (IC50 =508.94±0.754 μg/ml) respectively. ARFHE exhibited maximum metal chelating activity (IC50 =483.95±3.21 μg/ml) while FRAP assay was found maximum in ABHE (IC50 =8.15 ±0.742 μmole/g). Fruits, leaves and bark extracts in methanol, chloroform and hexane exhibited the effective antibacterial potential against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and gram negative bacteria (Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli). In antidiabetic activity, AUFME exhibited maximum alpha amylase and glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 =240.45±1.26 μg/ml) and (IC50 =245.02±1.81 μg/ml) respectively. HUFME showed the maximum anti-inflammatory activity (IC50 =536.89±1.79 μg/ml). Herbicidal potential were shown maximum by AUFCE and HBCE and root growth inhibition found greater than shoot growth inhibition.