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Subject: Chemistry × Author: Archana × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2017 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Seasonal chemical diversity of Acorus calamus L. accessions from different altitudes of Uttarakhand Himalayas: Pharmacological screening and analysis of genetic variability
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Archana; Om Prakash
    In present study the elemental analysis, preliminary phytochemical screening, seasonal and altitudinal chemical composition of essential oils by GC-MS, isolation of compounds by column chromatography, biological activities like antioxidant assay and pharmacological potential of rhizome essential oils/major components (α and β asarone) from A calamus and genetic variability among three accessions were evaluated. The yields of essential oils in different seasons varied from 0.11 to 6.8 % w/v. The elemental analysis studied with the help of atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), exhibited the presence of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn. The presence of various secondary metabolites like carbohydrates, proteins, glycosides, flavonoids etc. were observed in all the accessions. GC-MS analysis essential oils, methanolic extracts of leaves and rhizomes of Acorus calamus exhibited various phenylpropanoids, monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. The major compounds identified were trans methyl isoeugenol, Z isoelimicin, α asarone, β asarone and shyobunone. The isolation of the compound from rhizome methanolic extract by column chromatography and characterized by mass spectrometry and NMR proofs the presence of β asarone. The antioxidant activity of essential oils and methanolic extracts showed good to moderate antioxidant potential. The total phenols, flavonols and orthodihydric phenols in all the extracts were ranged from 11.11 to 133.33. 31.70mg/g gallic acid equivalent, 72.64mg/g catechin equivalent and 67.87mg/g respectively. The combination of isomers α+β-asarone at higher dose level of 100 mg/kg b.wt. exhibited significant antipyretic activity (75.10%), analgesic activity(48.87%) and anti-inflammatory activity (26.16%) compared to the standard drugs paracetamol (65.14%), ibuprofen (48.39%) and aspirin (20.98%) respectively. The essential oils and α, β asarones individually also exhibited good pharmacological activities with minimum at lower dose (50mg/kg b.wt.) and maximum at higher dose (100mg/kg b.wt.). The oils and isomers α and β asarones individually and in combination exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity in a dose dependent manner against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity using silymarin as standard drug. The pharmacological activities associated with the combination of α and β asarones might be because of synergetic effect. The hepatoprotective activity of essential oils and pure compounds was supported by histopathological examination of livers in which a significant amount of regeneration in the liver was observed. No harmful toxic effects on rats were seen from rhizome The essential oil and major components did not show toxic behaviour. The genetic diversity by Simple sequence repeat (SSR) revealed monomorphic behavior of the species.