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Subject: Botany × Author: Gaur, Tanvi × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Nutraceutical potential and biochemical estimation of selected mushroom species
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-01) Gaur, Tanvi; Rao, P.B.
    Edible mushrooms are the good source of naturally occurring biological compounds. In the present study, efforts are made to find out the nutraceutical potential of six edible mushroom species/strains viz., Agaricus bisporus, Calocybe indica, Lentinula edodes, Macrocybe giganteum MA1, Macrocybe giganteum MA2 and Pleurotus sajorcaju. All the selected species/strains possess phytochemicals viz., carbohydrates, protein, fats, phenols, flavonoids and tannins. The yield (g/10 g) with methanol in mycelia (M),freeze dried (F.D.) and oven dried (O.D.) fruit bodies varies from 0.35 ± 0.03 (P. Sajorcaju M) to 1.78 ± 0.03 (A. bisporus F.D.); and TAA (μg/mg AAE) - 12.0 ± 2.61 (L. edodes M) to 153.6 ± 2.08 (A. bisporus F.D.). The IC50 (μg/mL) ranged from 95.85 ±1.1706 (A. bisporus F.D.) to 261.7 ± 1.37 (C. indica M) DPPH; and 68.12 ± 0.58 (M. giganteum MA2 F.D.) to 114.9 ± 2.11(L. edodes M) superoxide anion scavenging activities; and EC50 (μg/mL) 95.05 ± 0.00 (M. giganteum MA2 F.D.) to 337.0 ± 1.30 (C. indica M) FCA. The reducing power activity (absorbance) varies between 0.565 ± 0.001 (P. sajor-caju F.D.) - 0.171 ± 0.001 (M. giganteum MA2 M); TPC (mg/g GAE) 3.3 ± 0.30 (M. giganteum MA1 M) to 18.0 ± 0.36 (M. giganteum MA2 F.D.); TFC (mg/g QE) 0.13 ± 0.04 (L. edodes M) to 2.03 ± 0.04 (A. bisporus F.D.); and odihydroxy phenol (mg/g CE) 0.51 ± 0.02 (A. bisporus M) to 1.10 ± 0.04 (M. Giganteum MA2 F.D.). The SOD, POD and CAT were maximum in C. indica (32.58 ± 0.01), L. edodes (6.87 ± 0.33) and C. indica (9.49 ± 0.11), respectively. The total and reducing sugars (mg/g) were maximum in C. indica (63.3 ± 1.37) and M. giganteum, MA2 (11.0± 0.85) in F.D. fruit bodies. Presence of maximum protein (36.8 ± 0.65 mg/100 g), minerals, in terms of both number and quantity; and minimum antinutrients (mg/g dw) viz., tannins (0.41 ± 0.03) and phytic acid (0.11 ± 0.01) in A. bisporus compared to others. Comparatively higher production (mm) of amylase, lipase and protease was in L. edodes (34.1 ± 1.89), P. sajor-caju (41.3 ± 1.52) and C. indica (90.0 ± 1.00), respectively. The total number of protein bands significantly decreased in both F.D. and O.D. fruit bodies compared to mycelia. The antibacterial activity was comparatively higher in C. indica against B. cereus; and M. giganteum MA2 against both E. coli and S. typhimurium. Both quercetin and rutin were absent whereas, gallic, p-hydroxy benzoic, ferulic and cinnamic acids were present in all species/strains except ferulic acid in both L. edodes and P. sajor-caju. Comparatively higher amount of total phenolics and number of bioactive compounds was in C. indica. Thus, the presence of antioxidants and nutritive components along with biologically active compounds in all the species/strains validates their use as food and pharmacology. A. bisporus, followed by M. giganteum MA2 and C. indica could be a potential source of nutraceuticals compared to other species/strains.