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ThesisItem Open Access Agro-industrial waste utilization for the production of bioethanol, bioinoculant and compost(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2020-02) Bind, Sandhya; Sharma, A.K.Utilization of agro-industrial wastes for the production of valuable commodities such as bioethanol, bioinoculant and composts provide a solution for global problems such as energy crisis, food security and environmental pollution. In present study, possibility of using waste carrot and pea peel for bioethanol production has been studied and bioethal yield was compared to sugarcane juice. High ethanol tolerance (up to 15%), high glucose tolerance (up to 300g/L) and high ethanogenic (14%) yeast strain Wickerhamomyces anomalus GBY was isolated from ‘Hamei’ sample. Carrot, pea peel juice, sugarcane juice with or without concentration were fermented without addition of nutrients and provided maximum ethanol yield of 15.65 g/L, 21.00 g/L, 90.25 g/L and 80.25 g/L of ethanol, respectively. Pea (PPB) and carrot peel bagasse (CPB) were used as substrate for production of T. harzianum via solid state fermentation. After optimizing growth parameters, maximum spore 3.28×1010 were produced on PPB and 1.17 ×107 spores in case of CPB. Shelf life assessment of talc based formulation of T. harzianum grown on PPB showed that after 90 days of incubation, 60.1% population declined at 4 ºC storage temperature whereas, at 30 ºC population declined up to 81.6%. Composts were prepared using forest residue and rice straw after mixing with cow dung. Alleviation of pH effect on growth of tomato was noticed by amending different composts under glass house trial. Composts and rice biochar treated tomato plant, maximally increased the shoot length (33.6%, 31.8%), root length (30.2%, 27.8%), shoot fresh weight (47.9%, 55.4%), root fresh weight (50.8%, 59.0%), shoot dry weight (71.0%, 51.8%), root dry weight (69.1%, 52.1%), chl a (2.24 fold, 2.83 fold), chl b (2.83, 2.41), N (67.2%, 61.3%), P (65.1%, 64.3%), K (59.6%, 29.1%), Na (56.3%, 33.8%) and Ca (33.8%, 32.6%) content under water stress and irrigated conditions, respectively when compared to their untreated control. Under water stress condition, increase in proline content (3.14 fold), SOD (2.16 fold,), CAT (2.53 fold) and POD (1.89 fold) activity was recorded when compared to its untreated control. Compost prepared from Azadirachta indica showed maximum increased in chitinase (8.53 fold), glucanse (5.80 fold), SOD (2.18 fold), CAT (2.85 fold) and POD (2.93 fold) activity under Ailternaria solani infection. Thus present study imply that carrot peel and pea peel wastes can efficiently support the bioethanol and T. Harzianum spore production and composts prepared from wastes, improve plant growth under different soil conditions, water stress and pathogen infection.
