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ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of physiological and biochemical parameters for drought tolerant in barnyard millet from Kumaun region of Himalaya(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Singh, Dipti; Verma, A.K.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on diosgenin production in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Dwivedi, Himanshu; Agrawal, SanjeevFenugreek genotypes were evaluated for nutritional, antinutritional , antioxidant activity and diosgenin contents. Pant Ragini and Pusa Early Bunching varieties showed balanced proportion of nutrient and antinutritional contents with high diosgenin contents. The effect of different processing methods viz. soaking, germination, boiling, autoclaving and roasting on nutritional, antinutritional, antioxidant activity and diosgenin contents were studied. Germination process was found to be better as it enhanced antioxidant activity and reduced anti-nutrients. To study the diosgenin content Pant Ragini, a variety developed by G.B. Pant University was selected to study the effect of different elicitor at seedling level as well as field level. The effect of in vitro germination of fenugreek seed for 5 day with different elicitors (copper, cobalt, chitosan and ethrel) on growth and production of diosgenin was studied. The maximum enhancement in diosgenin content i.e. 70% (relative %) was observed when seed was soaked with 11.77 ppm cobalt treatment followed by 51% with 4.77 ppm copper treatment. The foliar application of these elicitors were also studied at field level for seed yield and diosgenin production. The highest seed yield i.e. 3.06 T/ha was recorded when 100 ppm chitosan was sprayed twice. However, highest diosgenin content i.e. 14.77 mg/g seed dry wt. was recorded when 11.77 ppm cobalt was sprayed. The highest diosgenin production i.e. 38 kg/ha can be obtained when 100 ppm chitosan sprayed twice. The production of diosgenin through tissue culture was also initiated. The highest diosgenin content i.e. 2.95 mg/g dry wt. was recorded in presence of 1ppm BAP and 1ppm 2-4 D for 40 days.ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical analysis and assessment for double zero characters of selected genotypes of Brassica(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Panwar, Swati; Punetha, HimanshuThesisItem Open Access In-vitro proliferation and effect of aqueous phase of bio-oil in growth of potato cultivar(s)(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Bhatt, Jyoti; Kumar, Vandana A.ThesisItem Open Access Potential assessment of poplar based agro-forestry ecosystem for soil vitality and conservation in comparison to agro-ecosystem(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Singh, Jitendra; Dubey, AshutoshAgroforestry is the blending of conventional farming practices with forestry to create such a microenvironment in which every living thing complements everything else. Trees provide nutrients in the form of leaf litter and root exudates, prevent soil erosion, and protect the crops and animals from damaging effect of the wind, pests, and diseases. The increased input of leaf litter by trees helps in building organic matter in soil which in turn helps in building up microbial biomass. Increased microbial biomass increase the biochemical processes in the soil which in turn enhances the cycling of nutrients in the soil. Agroforestry systems by minimizing nutrient losses and maximizing internal cycling of nutrients and by enhancing pest and disease control reduce the need for agrochemical inputs. In this study, the potential of poplar based agroforestry in enhancing soil fertility status was explored. It was found that poplar based agroforestry generally enhances the soil organic matter in soil due to increased input of leaf litter and root exudates by poplar trees. In agroforestry system, Soil pH was decreased and no significant effect on electrical conductivity was observed in comparison with agroecosystem. It was found that levels of soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, and available potassium were significantly increased in agroforestry systems than in cropland ecosystems. The effect on available potassium was not that promising still, potassium levels were optimal for proper plant growth even in the absence of any fertilizer input in these agroforestry systems. Agroforestry systems also enhance the total protein content. Four soil enzymes were also studied and it was found that Soil Protease, Soil β-Glucosidase, and Soil Urease enzyme activities were greatly enhanced in agroforestry system soils. The effect of agroforestry on Soil Phytase activity was not that profound and phytase activity was significantly decreased in agroforestry systems in comparison to agroecosystems. This increased activity was possibly due to the repeated plantation of phytate rich legumes and cereals in the agroecosystem. Microbial biomass was also enhanced in agroforestry systems. The soil bacterial and fungal count was significantly enhanced in agroforestry systems. Different physicochemical, biochemical and microbial properties showed significant correlations among them. Soil organic carbon was positively correlated with available nitrogen and available potassium. In a similar manner, soil protein content was strongly correlated with soil protease and β-glucosidase enzymatic activities. Thus all these properties help in enhancing the soil fertility status in an integrated manner in agroforestry systems. It was observed that The seasonal change also affects the soil properties. No significant effect of seasonal variations on soil pH and available phosphorus was observed while other parameters were significantly affected by the seasonal variation. These observations indicate that poplar based agroforestry has immense potential in enhancing the soil health and vitality.ThesisItem Open Access Efficient production of biodiesel by esterification/ transesterification reaction using immobilized enzyme and chemical catalyst(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-07) Negi, Manendra Singh; Verma, A.K.Renewable energy sources such as biofuels (biodiesel and bioethanol) are sustainable and eco-friendly. A variety of non-edible oil plant species from agro-climatic zones of India is promising feedstock for biodiesel production. In the present investigation, biodiesel was produced by chemical catalyzed or lipase-mediated esterification/ transesterification reactions. Biodiesel produced by perchloric acid (HClO4) immobilized on silica gel (SiO2) and lipase immobilized on the iron nanoparticle. Three tree-seed-oil such as Cheura (Diploknema butyracea), Wild Apricot (Prunus armeniaca), Karanj (Pongammia pinnata) and one refined Sunflower oil (Helianthus annus) was transesterified with alcohol and the product was analyzed by GC-MS. Further bio-oil obtained from sugarcane residues were also esterified with propanol and analyzed by GC-MS. A comparative study of kinetic parameters of HClO4SiO2 and immobilized lipase for esterification/transesterification was carried with alkalicatalyzed transesterification. HClO4-SiO2 was efficient and reusable esterifying dodecanoic acid with propanol at optimum parameters molar ratio 1:6, temperature 90˚C, catalyst amount 0.25mol% and produce greater than 92% yield of ester in 2 hours. However, HClO4-SiO2 could not transesterify tree-seed-oils. Alkali catalyst was found fast and an efficient transesterification in tree–seed-oils with a high yield of 90-99.71% FAME in 3 hours at 70 ˚C. Immobilized lipase showed a decrease in enzyme efficiency (Kcat/Km 0.341 mM-1s-1) but increase in thermostability from 37 ˚C to 40 ˚C with 5 times reusability. Immobilized lipase was found effective in the transesterification of tree-seed-oils and gave 75-85% FAME yield, with different oils in 24 hours. Lesser yield and longer reaction time observed in lipase-catalyzed transesterification but it was compensating the high energy cost of alkali-catalyzed transesterification. Highest biodiesel yield 99.71% achieved by alkali-catalyzed transesterification of Cheura oil.ThesisItem Open Access Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw for enhancing bio-oil recovery(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-01) Lakhera, Shobhit; Verma, A.K.ThesisItem Open Access Elucidation of degradative biomechanisms of pendimethalin using indigenous soil bacterial isolates(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), 2017-01) Trivedi, Neha; Dubey, AshutoshThesisItem Open Access Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies in Gentiana kurroo Royle(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-08) Joshi, Karishma; Kumar, Vandana A.