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ThesisItem Open Access Plankton diversity of Haripura and Baur reservoirs of Uttarakhand(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Bhatt, Anupama; Tewari, HemaAssessment of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton of two reservoirs namely Haripura and Baur was made from September 2016 to February 2017 in the present investigation to evaluate plankton diversity of the reservoirs. Three sites viz., S1 (boat stand near the stairs), S2 (1.5 km away from site S1) and S3 (near the boat monitoring room) were selected in Haripura reservoir whereas S1’ (near the unpaved road), S2’ (middle of the reservoir walking deck) and S3’ (near the boat monitoring room) were selected and fortnightly sampling was done. The important physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, transparency, TDS, electrical conductivity, pH, DO, free CO2, alkalinity, hardness, nitrate and phosphate of the both reservoirs were also analyzed which varied from 18-36 0C, 102-122.4 cm, 136-272 mg L-1, 75-187 µS cm-1, 6.55-8.65, 4.2-7.2 mg L-1, 4.8-16 mg L-1, 65-168 mg L-1, 95-230 mg L-1, 0.34-0.9 mg L-1, 0.005-0.038 mg L-1 and 1836 0C, 160.9-250.8 cm, 140-223 mg L-1, 75-168 µS cm-1, 7-8.64, 4.5-7.0 mg L-1, 6.5-12.6 mg L-1, 98-183.2 mg L-1, 160-220 mg L-1, 0.25-0.81 mg L-1, 0.010-0.035 mg L-1 in Haripura and Baur reservoirs respectively. The Phytoplankton mainly consists of Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Dinophyceae whereas Zooplankton mainly consists of Rotifera, Copepoda and Cladocera. In Haripura, 21 genera of phytoplankton (9 genera of Bacillariophyceae, 7 genera of Chlorophyceae, 4 genera of cyanophyceae and 1 genera of Euglenophyceae) and 13 genera of zooplankton (5 genera of Rotifera, 4 genera of Copepoda and 4 genera of Cladocera) were recorded whereas in Baur, 27 genera of phytoplankton (11 genera of Bacillariophyceae, 9 genera of Chlorophyceae, 5 genera of cyanophyceae and 1 genera of Dinophyceae) and 17 genera of zooplankton (7 genera of Rotifera, 5 genera of Copepoda and 5 genera of Cladocera) were observed. The average density of phytoplankton and zooplankton at Haripura was 39,611 cells L-1 and 5050 ind. L-1 respectively whereas at Baur, it was 32,000 cells L-1 and 6150 ind. L-1 respectively. The study concludes that Baur reservoir is more diverse than the Haripura in terms of planktonic diversity due to less pollution and better hydrological regime. Also, the limnological parameters of both reservoirs revealed that the environmental conditions are good from fisheries point of view.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of drumstick (Moringa Oleifera) incorporated feed on the growth performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the Tarai region of Uttarakhand(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-01) Chandra, Poonam; Avdhesh KumarThesisItem Open Access Effect of water recirculation on growth of catla catla(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-08) Nagar, Pankaj; Mishra, AshutoshThe present study was carried out to evaluate the performance and economics of re-circulatory aquaculture system (RAS) on the survival and growth of Catla (Catla catla) an Indian major carp under monoculture system. The experiment was conducted during November 2015 to April 2016. The fingerlings of the targeted species was selected of similar body weight (10.00±0.6g) and were stocked randomly into four treatment groups based on rate of water exchange viz. T0 control (one time in two days) T1 (4 times in a day), T2 (2 times in a day), and T3 (one time in a day) tanks of FRP each with 3 replicates (including control tank). The physical properties of water such as water temperature, electrical conductivity and total dissolve solids were analyzed weekly throughout the experiment and varied from 15.8 to 27.8°C, 271 to 384.3 µS/cm and 216.3 to 274 mg L-l, respectively. The important chemical parameters of water i.e. pH, dissolve oxygen, free carbon dioxide, alkalinity, hardness, ammonia, nitrate and phosphate were also analyzed which varied from 7.2 to 8.4, 5.4 to 7.9 mg L-l, 1.8 to 3 mg L-l, 118 to 167.3 mg L-l, 133.3 to 241.6 mg L-l, 0.02 to 0.08 mg L-l, 0.11 to 0.42 mg L-l and 0.02 to 0.08 mg L-l, respectively. The maximum density of phytoplankton and zooplankton was found in T0. The best Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) was recorded in T0 (1.61) followed by T3 (1.65), T1 (1.70) and T2 (1.81). The highest Specific Growth Rate (SGR) was recorded in T2 (0.88%), followed by T1 (0.86%), T3 (0.85%) and T0 (0.84%). The best Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) was recorded in T2 (2.31) followed by T3 (2.54), T1 (2.56) and T0 (2.62). Among different treatment groups, the survival rate of experimental fish varies from 78 to 83% with maximum in the trial T2. The obtained results indicated that the best growth performance of Catla was found in T2 as compared to other tanks, which realized positively significant at level of 5%. The cost benefit ratio of total fish production was computed as 1:1.26. Therefore, the study concludes that the re-circulatory aquaculture system may be economically viable for intensive farming of Indian major carp where water and land are constraints.ThesisItem Open Access Analysis of water quality parameters in rohu (Labeo rohita) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) aquaponic system(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-08) Nanaji, Narad Nikhil; Chauhan, R.S.ThesisItem Open Access Variability in ecobiological characteristics of river Kosi of Uttarakhand above and below barrage(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-08) Tamta, Geetanjali; Trakroo, M. DasThesisItem Open Access Observations on zooplankton community of Nanak Sagar Reservoir, Uttarakhand(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Sumit Kumar; Trakroo, M. DasNanak Sagar is an important reservoir situated in Sitarganj, district Udham Singh Nagar on the bank of Deoha stream. The zooplankton density and diversity along with important physico-chemical parameters were studied on forthnightly basis during the period of eight months from August, 2016 to March, 2017. Three sampling sites of the Nanak Sagar reservoir i.e. (A1, A2 & A3) were selected according to human intervention for regular sampling of zooplankton and water. Site A1 is the Baoli Sahib, the second site is A2 which is known as Kati pulia which is about .92 kilometers from site A1 and has a steady environment. The third site was the Dam area which is about 1.63 kilometers from site A2 and 2.5 kilometers from site A1. The range of physico-chemical parameters i.e. water temperature, dissolved O2, free CO2, transparency, pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, NO3-N and PO4-P during the study period were 16.9 to 34 0C, 3.2 to 9.6 mgL-1, 0 to 6 mgL-1,67.9 to 194 cm, 7 to 8.7, 118 to 336 μS cm-1, 91.7 to 156 mgL-1, 60 to 140 mgL-1, 0.22 to 0.64 mgL-1 and 0.043 to 0.2 mgL-1 respectively. The zooplankton mainly consists of Rotifera, Copepoda, Cladocera, Ostracoda and Diptera, Out of 24 genera, 10 were from rotifera, 6 from cladocera, 5 from copepoda, 2 from ostracoda and 1 belonged to diptera group. The observed zooplankton ranking was in order of: Rotifers > Copepods > Cladocerans > Ostracods > Dipterans. The average density of zooplankton was 6250 ind. L-1, 4125 ind. L-1 and 4000 ind. L-1 at site A1, A2 and A3 respectively. Rotifers constituted a significant component (37.93 %) followed by copepods (35.81 %); cladocerans (31.06 %); ostracods (1.43 %) and dipterans (0.62 %). Diversity of zooplankton shown their own maximum and minimum abundance during a particular season. Zooplankton diversity was high at site A2 as compared to site A1 & A3 throughout the study because of stable environment and less human intervention. The water quality parameters of Nanak Sagar reservoir reveals that the environmental conditions are good from fisheries point of view .ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of Heavy metals in water, sediment, macro vegetation and fish of Lake Nainital(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Joshi, Pawan Kumar; Mishra, AshutoshAssessment of heavy metals concentration in water, sediment, macro vegetation and fish of Lake Nainital was made from September 2016 to February 2017 with the help of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) in the present investigation to evaluate pollution status of the lake. Three sites viz., S1 (Aeration centre at thandi sadak), S2 (platform near the Naina Devi Temple in Mallital) and S3 (boat stand in Tallital near bus stand) were selected based on pollution level and fortnightly sampling was done. The important physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, electrical conductivity, TDS, transparency, pH, DO, free CO2, alkalinity and hardness of the lake were also analyzed which varied from 13.8-250C, 139-190 µS cm-1, 161-218 mg L-1, 176-292 cm, 7.3-8.3, 5.27.8 mg L-1, 3.5-7.3 mg L-1, 161-220 mg L-1 and 110-205 mg L-1 respectively. The average concentration of heavy metals in water and soil of Lake Nainital during investigation period were observed as Zn(0.029 mg L-1), Pb(0.346 mg L-1), Cu(0.113 mg L-1), Mn(0.361 mg L-1), Cd(0.007 mg L-1), As(0.001 mg L-1) and Zn(0.871 mg L-1), Pb(1.150 mg L-1), Cu(0.156 mg L-1), Mn(1.778 mg L-1), Cd(0.132 mg L-1), As(0.003 mg L-1) respectively. The mean concentration of heavy metals in leaves and roots of studied macrophyte were Zn(0.004 mg L-1), Pb(0.019 mg L-1), Cu(0.012 mg L-1), Mn(0.075 mg L-1), Cd(0.0004 mg L-1), As(0.0009 mg L-1) and Zn(0.004 mg L-1), Pb(0.014 mg L-1), Cu(0.005 mg L-1), Mn(0.044 mg L-1), Cd(0.0001 mg L-1), As(0.0007 mg L-1) respectively. The observed concentration of heavy metals in fish gills and muscles were Zn(2.233 mg L-1), Pb(0.851 mg L-1), Cu(0.051 mg L-1), Mn(0.840 mg L-1), Cd(0.074 mg L-1) and Zn(0.247 mg L-1), Pb(0.150 mg L-1), Cu(0.013 mg L-1), Mn(0.423 mg L-1), Cd(0.00 mg L-1) respectively. The values of heavy metal pollution index shows that the water of Lake Nainital is slightly affected with Mn and seriously affected with Pb. Values of Bio-concentration Factor reflected that gills of selected fish serve as hyper-accumulator for Zn, Mn and Cd whereas muscles were hyper-accumulator for Zn and Mn. No hyper-accumulation was recorded in leaves or roots of macrophyte. The study concludes that the presence of elevated levels of Pb and Mn in lake water poses threat to human population as the lake water is used for domestic water supply. Also the increased level of Zn, Mn and Cd in fish is a matter of concern as it can result in imbalance of food web in the lake.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of leaf powder of giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) in fish feed on survival and growth of post larvae of Catla catla(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Upreti, Parul; Chauhan, R.S.The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of leaf powder of Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) in fish feed on survival and growth of post larvae of Catla catla. The experiment consisted of five treatments in triplicate. The artificial feed was prepared from De-oiled groundnut cake (49.5%), De-oiled rice bran (49.5%) and 1% of vitamin – mineral mixture. The leaf powder of giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) was incorporated into larval feed at various rates. In treatment T1 (control), no leaf powder was incorporated in the feed. In T2, T3, T4 and T5 leaf powder was mixed at the rate of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% respectively. One hundred post larvae of Catla catla of uniform size (7.3mm length, 1.5mg weight) were stocked in 5×3=15 tanks. The larvae were fed twice in a day @ equal to the total initial weight of post larvae for first 2 days, 3-4 day: 1.5 times, 5-6 day: 2 times, 7-8 day: 2.5 times, 9-10 day: 3 times, 11-12 day: 3.5 times, 13-14 day: 4 times, 15-17 day: 4.5 times and 18-21 day: 5 times respectively. The water quality parameters were regularly monitored. The survival rate of post larvae in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were recorded as 95.3, 94.3, 97.0, 98.6 and 100% respectively. Post larvae fed with diet incorporated with 1% leaf powder achieved significantly enhanced SGR (6.97), FCR (2.4) and GCE (0.415). The above reaserch revealed that Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) leaf powder has very good growth promoting potential in raising post larvae of carp. Thus it is recommended that the leaf powder of Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) could be incorporated in fish feed for enhancing growth and survival of post larvae of carp fishes up to fry stage.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Spirulina and Moringa on colour development, growth and breeding performance of Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata).(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Bisht, Mayank; Avdhesh KumarThe present experiment was carried out from Jan 2017 to March 2017 to evaluate the effects of spirulina powder and moringa leaves powder through dietary supplementation in Guppy fish (Poecilia reticulata) on color development, growth and breeding performance parameters. Spirulina and moringa are rich source of protein and carotenoids. Four hundred twenty fishes were distributed into seven treatment groups T0, ST1, ST2, ST3, MT1, MT2, and MT3 with three replicates. Isonitrogenous feeds (40% protein) were made with fish meal, soya bean cake, rice bran, vitamin & mineral premix, dried moringa leave powder and dried spirulina powder. These ingredients were added in a predetermined concentration in moringa and spirulina test feed. Experimental control diet (D0) was prepared without spirulina and moringa supplementation. Spirulina treatment diets SD1, SD2, SD3 were prepared by adding 5%, 10% and 15% spirulina powder respectively. While moringa treatment diets MD1, MD2, MD3 were prepared by adding 5%, 10% and 15% moringa leave powder respectively. The fishes of group T0 were fed with diet D0, ST1 with SD1, ST2 with SD2, ST3 with SD3, MT1 with MD1, MT2 with MD2 and MT3 with MD3 @ 5% body weight per day. Spirulina and moringa does not adversely affect the water quality of aquariums. Spirulina and moringa treatments showed a significant improvement from control in length, weight, net weight gain and specific growth rate. Best growth was observed in ST3 treatments with 15% spirulina. The increase in spirulina and moringa concentration in fish diet showed an increase in survival but the survival was not significantly high in spirulina and moringa supplemented feeds from control. Significant increase in the concentration of carotenoids in fish tissue was observed with increase in spirulina and moringa concentration in fish feed and this increase can be observed in digital coloured photograph of the fish. Fertility per gram of fish increased with increase concentration of spirulina and moringa but only ST3 treatment with 15% spirulina showed significant improvement in fertility from control. A significant increase in fry length from control was observed in Spirulina and moringa diet treatments. Fry weight increased with increase in supplements (Spirulina and moringa) but the increase was significant only in ST3 treatment. With the increase in spirulina and moringa concentration in diet increase in fry survival was observed. The analysis of variance showed no significant difference in survival percentage for both spirulina and moringa treatments. The result of present experiment shows that spirulina powder and moringa leaves powder can be used as protein and carotenoid supplements in fish feed to improves growth, color development and breeding performance of Guppy fish.