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Subject: Aquaculture × Author: Singh, Raghu Nath × Start date: 2004 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of plant based carotenoids on growth, color development and breeding performance of Red Swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri)
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2016-07) Singh, Raghu Nath; Avdhesh Kumar
    The present experiment was carried out from June 2015 to March 2016 to evaluate the effects of carotenoids through dietary supplementation of beetroot and carrot meal in the fry of red swordtail (Xiphophorur helleri) on growth, color development and breeding performances parameters. Six hundred thirty fish with similar body weight (0.28±0.10 g) were distributed randomly into seven treatment groups T0, BT1, BT2, BT3, CT1, CT2, and CT3 with three replicates. Experimental control diet (D0) was prepared by mixing mustard oil cake 20%, fish meal 20%, soya bean meal 25%, rice flour 20%, wheat flour 14% and vitamin and mineral premix 1%. The beetroot meal was incorporated in to diets BD1, BD2 and BD3 @ 5%, 10% and 15% respectively and carrot meal was incorporated in to diets CD1, CD2 and CD3 @ 5%, 10% and 15% respectively. The fishes of treatment group T0 were fed with diet D0, BT1 with BD1, BT2 with BD2, BT3 with BD3, CT1 with CD1, CT2 with CD2 and CT3 with CD3 @ 5% body weight per day. Beetroot meal at 15% produced the best survival in BT3. In present study higher specific growth rate (0.43%/day) was recorded in BT2, BT3 and CT3 followed by BT1 and CT2 (0.41%/day) and CT1 (0.40%/day) with lowest in T0 (0.39%/day). There was significant difference in the average final weight of the fish among treatments with highest in the BT3 (4.81 g) followed by CT3 (4.79 g) and lowest in T0 (3.74 g). The highest carotenoid content 11.89 µg/g fish tissue was found in BT3 fallowed by BT3 (10.86 µg/g tissue), CT2 (10.64 µg/g), CT2 (9.62 µg/g), BT1 (8.16 µg/g), and CT1 (7.43 µg/g) which were significantly higher (p<0.01) from T0 (3.24 µg/g). Maximum weight of newly born fry was obtained from BT3 (7.80 mg) followed by BT2 (7.33 mg) and lowest in T0 (5.33 mg). With increasing the level of carotenoids from both sources the weight of fry was also increased and found significant difference (p<0.05) between treatments and against control. The fish fed with diet (BD3) produced fry with maximum length (8.17 mm) in BT3 fallowed by BT2 (7.97 mm) and CT3 (7.63 mm) which were significantly higher (p<0.05) from control treatment T0 (7.38 mm). Fish supplemented carotenoids with 15% beetroot meal (BD3) produced highest number of fry (18.29 fry/g body weight) followed by BT2 (17.01 fry), and CT3 (16.85 fry) and lowest in control T0 (12.59 fry) fed without supplemented carotenoid diet (D0). Significant increase in number of fry per gram of brood fish was observed in Treatments (BT2, BT3 and CT3) against control T0. The result of present experiment shows that the carotenoids supplemented through beetroot or carrot meal in fish feed improves growth, color development and breeding performance of red swordtail fish.