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Subject: Aquaculture × Author: Shah, Tarang Kumar × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2019 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Thymus linearis plant extract on growth and non-specific immune responses of golden mahseer (Tor putitora) against oomycetes Saprolegnia parasitica
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Shah, Tarang Kumar; Avdhesh Kumar
    The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of wild ajwain (Thymus linearis) on growth performance, haemato-biochemical analysis, and non-specific immune responses of golden Mahseer (Tor putitora) against Saprolegnia parasitica. From the results of GC-MS and FT-IT analysis of phytochemicals it was recorded that carvacrol, phytol, caryophyllene, tetradecanoic acid, myristic acid, and palmitic acid, etc. were present in Thymus linearis leaf extract. Antifungal activity of Thymus linearis leaf extract was recorded against Saprolegnia parasitica and Saprolegnia australis. Toxicity level of Wild ajwain on golden mahseer was recorded in 8.79 mg/kg incorporated diet by median lethal dose (LD50) method. The wild ajwain leaf extract was incorporated at three concentrations (0.3, 0.6 and 0.9mg/kg basal diet) in feed for growth and immunity analysis. The first experiment for growth analysis was conducted for 60 days. Golden mahseer fed with Thymus linearis incorporated diets results indicated a significant increase in growth performance (weight and length gain, SGR, FCR, AGR) as compared to the control. Second experiment for haematology, biochemical and non-specific immunity was conducted. At the end of 45 days feeding period, the fish were exposed to the oomycetes S. parasitica for 14 days. Feeding the fish with 0.3 mg/kg (T1) of dietary Thymus linearis leaf extract resulted in better haematology indices (red and white blood cell counts, and PCV and haemoglobin), biochemical parameters (total protein, albumin, and globulin), and non-specific immunity indices (NBT, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase and Antiprotease activity) in comparison with the other treatments and control. A significant reduction in mortality was observed in the treated fish. The lowest mortality was recorded in 0.3 mg/kg (T1) of Thymus linearis plant extract compared to the control following challenging with S. parasitica. The use of Thymus linearis plant extract, particularly at a level of 0.3 mg/kg (T1), in golden mahseer diet was observed to improve growth and immunity parameters as well as boost up fish resistance against S. parasitica contamination. Third experiment for identification of Saprolegnia strain in golden mahseer eggs was conducted. Morphological, Molecular characterization, SEM, and Histopathologically identification confirmed that isolated oomycete belongs to the member of S. parasitica and S. australis, that were studied first time in Uttarakhand.