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Subject: Animal Science × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2009 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study on the efficacy of Satavari and Ashwagandha root powder supplementation on production, reproduction and carcass traits of Japanese quails
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-01) Bhardwaj, Rohatash Kumar; Singh, S.K.
    A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Withania somnifera and Asparagus racemosus root powder extracts on growth performance and haemato-biochemical parameters of Japanese quails. The investigation was carried out on Japanese quails maintained at Instructional Poultry Farm, Pantnagar. All the managemental conditions were kept constant for the whole flock during the experimental period. The herbal extracts at different doses (@ 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 per cent for both herbs) were administered in feed. Weekly body weight of the birds was recorded from day-old stage to 6 weeks of age. Blood was collected on 42nd day for estimation of haemato–biochemical parameters from the birds supplemented with Withania somnifera and Asparagus racemosus extracts. Inclusion of Withania somnifera and Asparagus racemosus extracts stimulated the growth of the quails. Further, body weight and conformation traits viz shank, keel length and breast angle at 6th week was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in group which received @ 1.5 % than the other groups. The weekly feed intake (g) decreased (i.e. lowest FCR) on feeding of Withania somnifera and Asparagus racemosus in quails. This indicated better feed utilization in root extract fed group than control group. Control group birds consumed more quantity of feed in comparison to other treated groups. It was found that during 1st week, only one bird died and subsequently no more death was observed. This could be attributed to good management and developed immune system due to Withania somnifera and Asparagus racemosus extract feeding. On supplementing root extracts of Withania somnifera and Asparagus racemosus, best FCR, PI and BWG was found in root extract (@ 1.5 % fed and lowest in control at 6th week. Further, the best ASM, hatchability, fertility and egg weight was observed in treated groups in comparison to control. Among the treatments, group fed with root extract (@ 1.5% showed maximum edible weight which indicated good feed utilization. However, survivability was lower (96%) than the treated groups. The maximum haemoglobin was recorded in group which received root extract @ 1.5% and minimum in control group, which were found to differ significantly (P<0.05). The PCV, TEC and TLC values of root extract fed group differed significantly (P<0.05) with control group. Feeding of Withania somnifera and Asparagus racemosus extracts showed a positive influence on TSP, albumin, AST, ALT and Immunoglobulin concentrations. It can be concluded that skin thickness and skin diameter was significantly higher in treated groups over the untreated, thus increasing the resistance against effect on a number of extraneous factor from physical, chemical and biological origin. Therefore, root extracts of both medicinal herbs is equally recommendable for poultry feeding, which will ultimately yield more economic profits and further can be exploited for organic food safety.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Analysis of economic traits and expression profile of different growth related genes in IGF-1 SNP genotypes of Indian colored broilers
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-06) Pandey, Nitin Kumar; Sharma, R.K.
    IGFs are involved in metabolism and body growth by regulating the synthesis and degradation of glycogen and proteins in animals. In chicken IGF-1 gene, an A570C substitution has been reported to invariably associate with growth, body composition, skeletal integrity, hormonal and metabolic factors. The present study aimed to detect polymorphism in the respective region (promoter and 5’ UTR) in CSML individuals in two generations using Hinf I PCR-RFLP. An array of economic traits viz. Juvenile body weights, Body conformation traits, Carcass traits and crude protein% in breast muscle were recorded on birds of different genotypes of IGF-1. Expression analysis of various growth related genes i.e. IGF-1, IGF-2, IGF-1 receptor, Growth hormone receptor, IGFBP-2, Ghrelin, Myostatin and TGF-β2 were also carried out using real time PCR in liver and breast muscle samples of birds of each of IGF-1 genotype at 45 days of age. Genomic DNA has been isolated from blood using phenol choloroform extraction method. A total of 100 and 96 birds were screened for estimating gene and genotypic frequencies in two successive generations. PCR amplified fragment of 813bp was digested with Hinf I. The Hinf I digestion revealed patterns viz. AA (378, 244 and 191bp), BB (622 and 191bp) and AB (622, 378, 244 and 191bp) in both the generations. The overall frequency of AA, AB and BB genotypes were 0.74, 0.23 and 0.03; in generation I these were 0.70, 0.27 and 0.03; and in generation II 0.78, 0.18 and 0.04, respectively. The frequency of allele A and B in generation I was 0.83 and 0.17 and in II generation 0.87 and 0.13, respectively, with an overall frequency of A and B alleles as 0.85 and 0.15, respectively. Significant differences among IGF-1 genotypes were observed on body weights at III, IV and V weeks of age in first generation and on body weight at V and VI weeks of age in II generation. IGF-1 AA and IGF-1 AB genotype exhibited higher body weights than IGF-1 BB genotype birds. Significant effect of IGF-1 genotypes on conformation traits was observed in both the generations. IGF-1 AA and IGF-AB genotypes had significant effect on all the carcass traits except EY%, heart, gizzard, giblet and abdominal fat in first generation and EY%, spleen and bursa in II generation. For cutup parts IGF-1 genotype had significant effect on back, thigh, drumstick and wing in first generation and on all the cut-up parts except back weight in II generation. IGF-1 AA genotype birds exhibited significantly higher CP% in breast muscle as compared to that IGF-1 AB genotype birds. Expression profile of all the genes studied showed pattern of higher expression in hepatic tissue of AB and AA genotypes as compare to BB genotype. However, except myostatin, the picture was reverse in PM muscle, where expression was higher in IGF-1 BB genotype.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Analysis of economic traits and expression profile of different growth related genes in IGF-1 SNP genotypes of Indian colored broilers
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2009-06) Pandey, Nitin Kumar; Sharma, R.K.
    IGFs are involved in metabolism and body growth by regulating the synthesis and degradation of glycogen and proteins in animals. In chicken IGF-1 gene, an A570C substitution has been reported to invariably associate with growth, body composition, skeletal integrity, hormonal and metabolic factors. The present study aimed to detect polymorphism in the respective region (promoter and 5’ UTR) in CSML individuals in two generations using Hinf I PCR-RFLP. An array of economic traits viz. Juvenile body weights, Body conformation traits, Carcass traits and crude protein% in breast muscle were recorded on birds of different genotypes of IGF-1. Expression analysis of various growth related genes i.e. IGF-1, IGF-2, IGF-1 receptor, Growth hormone receptor, IGFBP-2, Ghrelin, Myostatin and TGF-β2 were also carried out using real time PCR in liver and breast muscle samples of birds of each of IGF-1 genotype at 45 days of age. Genomic DNA has been isolated from blood using phenol choloroform extraction method. A total of 100 and 96 birds were screened for estimating gene and genotypic frequencies in two successive generations. PCR amplified fragment of 813bp was digested with Hinf I. The Hinf I digestion revealed patterns viz. AA (378, 244 and 191bp), BB (622 and 191bp) and AB (622, 378, 244 and 191bp) in both the generations. The overall frequency of AA, AB and BB genotypes were 0.74, 0.23 and 0.03; in generation I these were 0.70, 0.27 and 0.03; and in generation II 0.78, 0.18 and 0.04, respectively. The frequency of allele A and B in generation I was 0.83 and 0.17 and in II generation 0.87 and 0.13, respectively, with an overall frequency of A and B alleles as 0.85 and 0.15, respectively. Significant differences among IGF-1 genotypes were observed on body weights at III, IV and V weeks of age in first generation and on body weight at V and VI weeks of age in II generation. IGF-1 AA and IGF-1 AB genotype exhibited higher body weights than IGF-1 BB genotype birds. Significant effect of IGF-1 genotypes on conformation traits was observed in both the generations. IGF-1 AA and IGF-AB genotypes had significant effect on all the carcass traits except EY%, heart, gizzard, giblet and abdominal fat in first generation and EY%, spleen and bursa in II generation. For cutup parts IGF-1 genotype had significant effect on back, thigh, drumstick and wing in first generation and on all the cut-up parts except back weight in II generation. IGF-1 AA genotype birds exhibited significantly higher CP% in breast muscle as compared to that IGF-1 AB genotype birds. Expression profile of all the genes studied showed pattern of higher expression in hepatic tissue of AB and AA genotypes as compare to BB genotype. However, except myostatin, the picture was reverse in PM muscle, where expression was higher in IGF-1 BB genotype.