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Open Access
Effect of dietary incorporation of varying combination of black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed and ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome powder as feed additive on performance of commercial broiler chickens
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Sharma, Vandana; Tiwari, D.P.
A feeding trial was conducted to discern the effect of dietary incorporation of black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed and ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome powder in varying proportions on growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass traits, haemato-biochemical parameters, sensory evaluation of meat and economics of commercial broiler chickens production. A total of 120, day-old broiler chicks were divided randomly into 4 treatment groups with 3 replicates each i.e. 10 broiler chicks per replicate. Chicks of treatment T1 (control) were fed basal diet (starter and finisher), whereas in treatment groups T2, T3 and T4, basal diet was incorporated with 0.25% black cumin seed + 0.75% ginger rhizome powder, 0.50% black cumin seed + 0.50% ginger rhizome powder, 0.75 % black cumin seed + 0.25% ginger rhizome powder, respectively, as feed additive. The feeding trial lasted for 42 days viz., 0-21 days (starter phase) and 21-42 days (finisher phase). A metabolism trial was conducted during the 6th week of feeding trial to know the nutrient utilization. On the 42nd day of the feeding trial two birds from each treatment were slaughtered and samples of breast and thigh muscle were collected for sensory and proximate analysis. Blood samples were also collected on the same day for haemato-biochemical parameters. During the starter phase (0-21 days), maximum weight gain was recorded in broiler chicks of treatment group T4 fed diet incorporated with 0.75 % black cumin seed + 0.25% ginger rhizome powder and significantly higher than T1 followed by treatment groups T2 and T3. Performance index was significantly higher in treatment group T4 followed by T2, T3 and T1, respectively. During finisher phase (21-42 days), average body weight gain differ significantly among different groups. Maximum weight gain was recorded in broiler chicks of treatment group T1 fed with control diet, followed by treatment groups T2, T3 and T4. The average cumulative weight gain was 1463.30g, 1470.00g, 1412.20g, 1389.70g in broiler chicks of treatment group T1, T2, T3, T4, respectively and did not differ significantly. There was no improved growth performance in terms of body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and performance index due to dietary incorporation of black cumin seed and ginger rhizome powder. Incorporation of black cumin seed and ginger rhizome powder in the diet of broiler chickens did not affect nutrient utilization in terms of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract and crude protein metabolizability. The various carcass traits in broiler chicks were not affected due to dietary incorporation of combination of black cumin seed and ginger rhizome powder. There was significant differences in protein and ether extract content of thigh muscles, whereas these parameters were statistically similar in breast muscles. There was significant increase in protein content and decrease in ether extract contents of thigh muscles. Maximum crude protein content was found in treatment group T4, followed by treatment groups T3,T2 and T1, respectively. Minimum ether extract content was found in treatment group T2 and maximum in control group. All the values of hematological parameters were in normal range in broiler chicks of different treatment groups, without any significant effect. There was significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum cholesterol, triglycerides content and increase in serum total protein and albumin was observed for treatment group T4 fed on diet incorporated with 0.75% black cumin + 0.25% ginger rhizome powder, as compared to control group T1. Serum cholestrol was found minimum in treatment group T4(118.7 mg/dl) as compared to control group T1(136.73 mg/dl). Serum triglyceride content was also found minimum in treatment group T4 (51.29 mg/dl) as compared to control group T1 (60.20 mg/dl). Maximum serum total protein concentration was found in treatment group T4, followed by T3,T1 and T2, respectively. Maximum serum albumin concentration was found in group T4, followed by T3,T2 and T1, respectively. Serum globulin, glucose concentrations as well as serum ALP, ALT and AST activities was not affected due to dietary incorporation of black cumin seed and ginger rhizome powder. Sensory evaluation attributes were not significant among the different treatment groups. From the feeding trial, it is not economically viable to invest in different treatment diets, as compared to control diet. It is concluded that incorporation of combination of 0.75 % black cumin seed + 0.25% ginger rhizome powder in the diet of broiler chicks reduces serum cholesterol, triglycerides content and increase in serum total protein and albumin coupled with reduction in fat and increase in protein content of thigh muscles could be exploited for designer meat production.
Open Access
Effect of dietary incorporation of lemon Grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) oil and turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome powder on performance of commercial broiler chickens
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Samant, Nikita; Mondal, B.C.
A feeding trial was conducted to discern the effect of dietary incorporation lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) oil and turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome powder on growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass traits and haemato-biochemical parameters in commercial broiler chickens. A total of 120, day-old broiler chicks were divided randomly into 4 treatment groups with 3 replicates each i.e. 10 broiler chicks per replicate. Chicks were fed starter and finisher diets which had four treatments each. The T1 treatment was the basal diet (control group) with no added lemon grass oil and turmeric rhizome powder, T2 treatment group was added with lemon grass oil @1ml+0.25% turmeric rhizome powder in the basal diet, T3 treatment group was added with lemon grass oil @2ml+0.25% turmeric rhizome powder in the basal diet and T4 treatment group was added with lemon grass oil @3ml+0.25% turmeric rhizome powder in the basal diet. The feeding trial lasted for 42 days viz., 0-21 days (starter phase) and 21-42 days (finisher phase). Weekly weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and performance index was calculated. A metabolism trial was conducted during the 6th week of feeding trial to know the pattern of nutrient utilization. On the 42nd day of the feeding trial two birds from each treatment were slaughtered and sample of breast and thigh muscle were collected for sensory and proximate analysis. Blood samples were also collected on the same day to study haemato-biochemical parameters. During starter phase (0-21 days), incorporation of lemon grass oil and turmeric rhizome powder did not influence the average feed intake, weight gain, FCR and performance index. During 21- 42 days (finisher phase), average body weight gain, feed intake, FCR and performance index were statistically similar among all treatment groups. However an improvement was noted in all treatment groups in terms of FCR and performance index when the diet was incorporated with lemon grass oil and turmeric rhizome power. Incorporation of lemon grass oil and turmeric rhizome powder in the diet of broiler chickens did not affect nutrient utilization in terms of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and ether extract metabolizability. The dressing percentage without giblet and dressing percentage with giblet (% of live weight) showed no significant differences among different treatment groups but improvement was noted in lemon grass oil and turmeric rhizome supplemented groups over control group. Chemical analysis of breast and thigh muscle revealed that dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and total ash contents did not differ significantly among broiler chickens of different treatment groups. No significant difference was observed in haematological parameters among different treatment groups and all the values were in normal range. There was no significant difference in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose concentrations as well as serum ALP, ALT and AST activities among the different treatment groups. But there was considerable decrease in the level of cholesterol with the increasing level of lemon grass oil supplementation in the basal diet. No Significant difference was observed in the sensory evaluation score of meat of broiler chicken and also the economics of broiler production of different treatment groups. It was concluded that incorporation of lemon grass oil and turmeric rhizome powder in the diets of commercial chickens had no marked positive effects on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass characteristics, hemat-biochemical values and economics of broiler chicken production. The groups incorporated with lemon grass oil and turmeric rhizome powder performed at par with the control group with desirable level of performance in all the groups.
Open Access
Effect of dietary incorporation of sahjan (Moringa oleifera) and tej patta (Cinnamomum tamala) leaf powder on performance of commercial broiler chickens
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-08) Ansari, Mohd Ouwesh; Mondal, B.C.
A feeding trial was conducted to discern the effect of dietary incorporation of tejpatta (Cinnamomum tamala) powder and sahjan (Moringa oleifera) leaf powder on growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass traits and haemato-biochemical parameters in commercial broiler chickens. A total of 120, day-old broiler chicks were divided randomly into 4 treatment groups with 3 replicate each i.e. 10 broiler chicks per replicate. Chicks of treatment T1 (control) were fed basal diet (starter and finisher diet), whereas in treatment groups T2, T3 and T4, basal diet was incorporated with 0.5% sahjan leaf powder, 0.5% tejpatta powder and 0.25% sahjan leaf powder with 0.25% tejpatta powder, respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 42 days viz., 0-21 days (starter phase) and 21-42 days (finisher phase). Weekly feed intake, weight gain by weight were recorded is usually in terms of FCR, PI and growth rate was calculated. A metabolism trial was conducted during the 6th week of feeding trial to know the nutrient utilization. For carcass characteristics two broiler chicks from each replicate of all treatment groups were sacrificed at the end of feeding trial and the samples of breast and thigh muscle of broiler chicken were collected for proximate analysis and sensory evaluation. Blood samples were collected on 42nd day of feeding trial to study haemato-biochemical parameters. During starter phase (0-21 days), incorporation of tejpatta powder and sahjan leaf powder did significantly influence the weight gain and performance index. During 21- 42 days (finisher phase), body weight gain, feed intake, FCR and performance index were influenced statistically among treatment groups. During entire feeding trial period (0-42 days), incorporation of tejpatta powder and sahjan leaf powder in the basal diet showed significantly better performance in broiler chickens in terms of weight gain, feed conversion ratio and performance index in T4 group where the diet of broiler chicken was supplemented with 0.25% tejpatta powder with 0.25% sahjan leaf powder. Incorporation of tejpatta powder and sahjan leaf powder in the diet of broiler chickens did not affect nutrient utilization in terms of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and organic matter metabolizability. The dressing percentage without and with giblet (% of live weight) showed no significant differences among different treatment groups. Chemical analysis of breast and thigh meat revealed that dry matter, crude protein and total ash contents did not differ significantly but the values of ether extract were significantly lower in T4 treatment group. No significant difference was observed in haematological parameters among different treatment groups and all the values were in normal range. Significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum cholesterol and triglyceride level were recorded in broiler chicken fed diets incorporated with tejpatta powder and sahjan leaf powder alone or in combination. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration were significantly lower value in broiler chicken of treatment group T4 supplemented with 0.25% tejpatta powder and 0.25% sahjan leaf powder. There was no significant difference in serum total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose concentrations as well as serum ALP, ALT and AST activities among the different treatment groups. No significant differences was observed in the sensory evaluation of meat of broiler chicken of different treatment groups as compared to control. Feed cost per kg body weight gain was significantly minimum in T4 treatment group as compare to control. It can concluded that incorporation of tejpatta (Cinnamomum tamala) and sahjan (Moringa oleifera) leaf powder in the diets of commercial broiler chickens had significant positive effect on their growth performance as well as lower level of serum cholesterol and triglyceride coupled with lower value of ether extract in the broilers chicken meat. Apart from this, average values for economics of broiler production (feed cost Rs per kg weight gain) was also lower in treatment group. Hence tejpatta and sahjan leaf powder may be recommended for feeding to commercial broiler chicken.
Open Access
Effect of dietary supplementation of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil and citric acid on performance of commercial broiler chickens
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Shindhe, Bharat; Anil Kumar
A feeding trial was conducted to discern the effect of dietary incorporation peppermint oil and citric acid on growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass traits and haemato-biochemical parameters in commercial broiler chickens. A total of 120, day-old broiler chickens were divided randomly into 4 treatment groups with 3 replication each i.e. 10 broiler chickens per replicate. Chickens of treatment T1 (control) were fed basal diet (starter and finisher diet), whereas in treatment groups T2, T3 and T4, basal diet was incorporated with 100 mg peppermint oil with 0.5% citric acid, 200 mg peppermint oil with 0.5% citric acid and 300 mg peppermint oil with 0.5% citric acid, respectively as feed additive. The feeding trial lasted for 42 days viz., 0-21 days (starter phase) and 21-42 days (finisher phase). A metabolism trial was conducted during the 6th week of feeding trial. Blood samples were collected on 42nd day of feeding trial to study haemato-biochemical parameters and economics of feeding was worked out at the end of feeding trial. During starter phase (0-21 days), incorporation of peppermint oil and citric acid did not influence the feed intake, weight gain, FCR and performance index. During 21-42 days (finisher phase), body weight gain, feed intake, FCR and performance index were statistically similar among treatment groups. During entire feeding trial period (0-42 days), supplementation of 200 mg peppermint oil and 0.5% citric acid in the basal diet showed better performance in broiler chickens in terms of weight gain, feed conversion ratio and performance index in T3 group where the diet of broiler chicken was supplemented with 200 mg/kg peppermint oil and 0.5 percent citric acid though the mean values did not differed significantly among the treatments. Incorporation of peppermint oil and citric acid in the diet of broiler chickens did not affect nutrient utilization in terms of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and organic matter. The dressing percentage without and with giblet (% of live weight) showed no significant differences among different treatment groups. Chemical analysis of breast and thigh meat revealed that dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and total ash contents did not differ significantly among broilers of different treatment groups. No significant difference was observed in haematological parameters among different treatment groups and all the values were in normal range. Significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum cholesterol level was recorded in broiler chickens fed diets incorporated with 200 and 300 mg/kg peppermint oil and 0.5% citric acid. Serum cholesterol concentration in broiler chicken of treatment group T4 supplemented with 300 mg/kg peppermint oil and 0.5% citric acid differed significantly compared to control. There was no significant difference in serum triglycerides, total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose concentrations as well as serum ALP, ALT and AST activities among the different treatment groups. Significant (P<0.05) difference was observed in the appearance of meat of broiler chicken of different treatment groups compared to control. It can be concluded that incorporation of varying levels of peppermint oil and 0.5% citric acid showed nonsignificant differences on nutrient utilization and growth performance in broiler chickens. But the supplementation of 300 mg/kg peppermint oil and 0.5% citric acid showed significant (P<0.05) difference in mean serum cholesterol concentration and appearance of chicken meat among different treatment groups of broiler chickens. The feed cost per kg weight gain of broiler chickens was significantly lower in control group. Therefore supplementation of peppermint oil and citric acid were not found to be effective in economizing the broiler production. Mortality of birds was found to be insignificant during the experimental period. Further different combinations of the peppermint oil and citric acid needs to be investigated to determine the optimum dietary inclusion levels as additives in broiler diets for the beneficial effect.
Open Access
Effect of feeding diet containing graded levels of pea (Pisum sativum L.) pods residue powder by replacing rice polish on performance of broiler chickens
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-08) Narayana, Krishan Prem; Mondal, B.C.
A feeding trial was conducted to discern the effect of dietary incorporation of pea (Pisum Sativum L.) pods residue powder by replacing rice polish on growth performance, nutrient utilization, haemato-biochemical parameters, carcass traits, sensory evaluation and economics of broiler chickens. A total of 120, day-old broiler chicks were divided randomly into 4 treatment groups with 3 replicates in each i.e. 10 broiler chicks per replicate. Chicks of T1 (control) were fed basal diet with rice polish as one of the feed ingredients, whereas in treatment groups T2, T3 and T4, basal diet was incorporated with pea pods residue powder at 50, 75 and 100 per cent levels by replacing rice polish, respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 42 days viz., 0-21 days (starter phase) and 21-42 days (finisher phase). Feed intake and body weight changes in broiler chicks were recorded at weekly intervals and a metabolism trial of 3 days collection period was conducted during the 6th week of feeding trial. Blood samples were collected on 42nd day of feeding trial to study haemato-biochemical parameters. Results of feeding trial indicates that during starter phase (0-21 days), the body weight gain of broiler chicks of treatment groups T2 and T4 were significantly (P<0.05) higher than T1 and T3 treatment groups. Performance index was also found higher in T4 treatment group. During 21- 42 days (finisher phase), body weight gain, feed intake, FCR and performance index were statistically similar among the treatment groups. During whole experimental period (0-42 days), incorporation of pea pods residue powder by replacing rice polish in experimental diet showed similar broiler chicken performance in terms of feed intake, body weight gain, FCR and performance index. Nutrient utilization in terms of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and organic matter did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among different groups. Sensory characteristics viz., juiciness, texture, overall acceptability (P<0.05) and appearance (P<0.01) were significantly higher in T4 treatment group. Carcass traits were similar among the treatment groups. The protein content in breast (P<0.05) and thigh (P<0.01) muscle were higher in pea pods residue powder incorporated groups. No significant (P>0.05) differences were observed in haematological values among different groups and all the values were in normal range. Significantly (P<0.05) lower serum SGPT activity and increase (P<0.05) in serum total protein content were recorded in broiler chickens of treatment groups fed pea pods residue powder in place of rice polish. There was non-significant difference in serum albumin, globulin, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Feed cost per kg body weight gain was similar among the treatment groups. It is concluded that incorporation of pea pods residue powder by replacing rice polish in diet of broiler chickens did not affect growth performance, nutrient utilization, haematological contents, carcass weight and feed cost per kg body weight. Thus rice polish could be replaced completely by pea pods residue powder in the diet of broiler chickens.
Open Access
Effect of dietary incorporation of aniseed (Pimpinella anisum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome powder as feed additive on the performance of commercial broiler chickens
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-07) Gupta, Tushar; Tiwari, D.P.
A feeding trial was conducted to discern the effect of dietary incorporation of aniseed and ginger rhizome powder on growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass traits, haemato-biochemical parameters and economics in commercial broiler chickens. A total of 120, day-old broiler chicks were divided randomly into 4 treatment groups with 3 replicates each i.e. 10 broiler chicks per replicate. Chicks of treatment T1 (control) were fed basal diet (starter and finisher diets), whereas in treatment groups T2, T3 and T4, basal starter and finisher diets were incorporated with 1.0 % aniseed powder, 1.0 % ginger rhizome powder and 0.5 % aniseed + 0.5 % ginger rhizome powder), respectively, as feed additive. The feeding trial lasted for 42 days viz., 0-21 days (starter phase) and 21-42 days (finisher phase). A metabolism trial was conducted during the 6th week of feeding trial to know the nutrient utilization. Blood samples were collected on 42nd day of feeding trial to study haemato-biochemical parameters. During the starter phase (0-21 days), maximum weight gain was recorded in broiler chicks of treatment group T3 (827.70g) fed diet incorporated with 1.0 % ginger rhizome powder followed by treatment groups T1 (807.07 g), T2 (787.43 g) and T4 (773.07 g), however, there was no significant difference in body weight gain amongst the different treatment groups. During finisher phase (21- 42 days), the average body weight gain was 1313.50, 1365.32, 1308.20 and 1291.36 g in broiler chicks of treatment groups T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively and did not differ significantly among different groups. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio and performance index were not significantly different in broiler chicks of various treatment groups. During entire feeding trial period (0-42 days), incorporation of aniseed and ginger rhizome powder in the basal diets non-significantly improved growth performance in terms of body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and performance index. The average cumulative body weight gain was 2120.57, 2152.75, 2135.90 and 2064.43 g in broiler chicks of treatment groups T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively and did not differ significantly among different groups. There was no significant difference in feed intake and nutrient utilization among different treatment groups of broiler chickens, however, there was improvement in nutrient utilization due to aniseed and ginger rhizome powder incorporation in the diet. Gizzard weight increased significantly due to inclusion of aniseed and ginger rhizome powder, however, there was no significant difference in other carcass traits among the different treatment groups. There was significant (P<0.05) increase in ether extract content of breast muscles due to inclusion of aniseed and ginger rhizome powder in the diet, whereas it was statistically similar in thigh muscles of broiler chicks. There was significant increase in protein content of thigh muscle, whereas it was statistically similar in breast muscles. No significant difference was observed in haematological parameters in broiler chicks of different treatment groups. There was significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum cholesterol in treatment groups T4 (149.59 mg/dl), T3 (143.75 mg/dl) and T2 (138.98 mg/dl) as compared to control T1 (166.03 mg/dl). Whereas, there was no significant difference in serum triglycerides, serum total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose concentrations and SGPT, SGOT and serum ALP activities among the different treatment groups, however, there was also considerable reduction in serum triglycerides content in broiler chicks fed diet containing aniseed and ginger rhizome powder. The feed cost/kg weight gain did no differ significantly amongst the different groups of broiler chicks. It is concluded that inclusion of 1.00 % aniseed or 1% ginger rhizome powder in the diet of broiler chicks improved nutrient utilization, increase in protein content in thigh muscles and fat content in breast muscles and reduced serum cholesterol and triglycerides content which in turn is beneficial in producing the designer meat in broiler chickens as growth performance, haematological parameters and carcass characteristics and also the economics of broiler production were statistically similar in all the treatment groups.
Open Access
Effect of feeding Tinospora cordifolia and Mentha arvensis on growth, nutrient utilization and haemato-biochemical constituents in crossbred calves
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2018-07) Ritu Raj; Rahal, Anshu
The research was conducted in twenty crossbred calves (6-12 months of age) selected from the herd of Instructional Dairy Farm, Nagla and divided into four groups of five each on the basis of their body weight after observing 10 days of adaptation period and experimental feeding was of 90 days. All the calves were provided with mixed green fodder and concentrate mixture. In addition, Group II was provided with Tinospora cordifolia @ 4% of concentrate, group III was provide with Mentha arvensis @ 4% of concentrate and group IV was provided with both Tinospora cordifolia and Mentha arvensis @ 2% of concentrate each. The dry matter intake, dry matter intake/W0.75, TDN intake/W0.75 and DCP intake/W0.75 in group III was significantly (P<0.05) higher than group I but no significant difference was found in group II and IV. The digestibility coefficient of nutrients like DM, OM, CP, EE, NFE, CF, NDF and ADF was not significantly different among the groups but in group III the digestibility of various nutrients was slightly lower than other supplemented groups. Body weight gain was significantly higher in group IV than group I and III. Hematological constituents like TEC%, TLC%, lymphocytes%, monocytes% and basophils% did not differ significantly among the groups but hemoglobin (g/dL), neutrophils% and PCV% in group II was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other groups. The eosinophils were significantly higher in group III fed with mentha arvensis @ 4% of concentrate than other groups. Biochemical constituents and rumen metabolites like glucose, total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin, albumin: globulin ratio, triglycerides, urea, cholesterol and rumen pH, total nitrogen and total VFA’s were not affected significantly among the groups. It can be concluded that the feeding of Tinospora cordifolia @ 4% of concentrate is beneficial for crossbred calves as it has increased the weight gain, haemoglobin (g/dL), PCV% and neutrophils% (within the normal range) which leads to increase phagocytic activity, Mentha arvensis feeding @ 4% of concentrate is beneficial in increasing appetite as it has increased the dry matter intake, dry matter intake/W0.75, TDN intake/W0.75 and DCP intake/W0.75 in crossbred calves. Tinospora cordifolia and Mentha arvensis combination @ 2% of concentrate is beneficial in increasing body weight as it has increased the final body weight and body weight gain per day in crossbred calves.
Open Access
Effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed and turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome powder as feed additive on performance of commercial broiler chickens
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-06) Bhadruriya, Mohit Kumar Singh; Ashoka Kumar
A feeding trial was conducted to discern the effect of dietary incorporation of ground fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum) seeds and turmeric (Curcuma longa)rhizome powder on growth performance, nutrient utilization, haemato-biochemical parameters, carcass traits and sensory evaluation in commercial broilers. A total of 100, day-old broiler chicks were divided randomly into 5 treatment groups with 2 replicates each i.e. 10 broiler chicks per replicate. Chicks of treatment T1 (control) were fed basal diet without any supplementation, whereas in treatment group T2, T3, T4 and T5,basal diet was supplemented with 1.0% fenugreek seed, 0.5% turmeric rhizome, 1.0% fenugreek plus 0.5% turmeric and 0.5% fenugreek plus 0.25% turmeric,respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 42 days viz., 0-21 days (starter phase) and 2242 days (finisher phase). Feed intake and body weight changes in broiler chicks were recorded at weekly intervals and a metabolism trial of 3 days collection period was conducted during the 6th week of feeding trial. Blood samples were collected on 42nd day of feeding trial to study haemato-biochemical parameters. Results of trail indicate that during the starter phase (0-21 days), the body weight gain of broiler chicks of treatment group T4 (673.70 g) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other treatment groups T1 (626.40g), T2 (647.30g)and T3 (646.10g). There was no significant difference in body weight gain between T4and T5. During 22- 42 days (finisher phase), the body weight gain of broiler chicks of treatment group T4 (1300.30g) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than other treatment groups T1 (1089.80g), T2 (1170.90g) and T3 (1213.00g). There was no significant difference in body weight gain between T4 and T5.FCR and performance index were improved in broiler chicks of treatment groups T4and T5. During whole experimental period (0-42 days),supplementation of fenugreek seed plus turmeric rhizome powder improved broiler performance in terms of feed intake, body weight gain, FCR and performance index. The average cumulative body weight was 1759.00, 1861.14, 1902.00, 2052.20 and 2006.80g in broiler chicks of treatment groups T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively and differed significantly (P<0.05) among different groups. Nutrient utilization in terms of dry matter, crude protein andcrude fatwas significantly (P<0.05) improved in broilers fed diet supplemented with fenugreek seed and turmeric rhizome powderas compared to control. There was significant (P<0.05) improvement in protein content and reduction in fat content of breast and thigh muscles. Significant (P<0.05) difference were observed in haemoglobinand packed cell volume in broilers of supplemented groups. Significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and glucose level were recorded in broilers of treatment groups. Whereas, there was non-significant difference in serum total protein, albumin, globulin level.Serum enzymes activity viz., ALP, SGPT and SGOT showed non-significant difference among the broilers of treatmentgroups. It is concluded that incorporation of 0.5% fenugreek plus 0.25% turmeric rhizome powder in basal diet of broilers improved growth performance, nutrient utilization, increase haemoglobin,packed cell volumeand reduced serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum glucose level,along with increased amount of protein and decreased fat content in thigh muscle. which in turn is beneficial in producing the designer meat in broiler chickens.
Open Access
Effect of dietary supplementation of Mannan-oligosaccharides and citric acid on nutrient utilization and growth performance in broiler chickens
(G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2017-08) Salame, Aarti
A feeding trial was conducted to discern the effect of dietary supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharides and citric acid on growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass traits and haemato-biochemical parameters in commercial broiler chickens. A total of 100, dayold broiler chickens were divided randomly into 5 treatment groups with 2 replication each i.e. 10 broiler chickens per replicate. Chickens of treatment T1 (control) were fed basal diet (starter and finisher diet), whereas in treatment groups T2, T3, T4 and T5, basal diet was incorporated with 0.1% mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), 0.2% citric acid, 0.05% MOS with 0.1% citric acid, and 0.1% MOS with 0.2% citric acid, respectively, as feed additive. The feeding trial lasted for 42 days viz., 0-21 days (starter phase) and 21-42 days (finisher phase). A metabolism trial was conducted during the 6th week of feeding trial. Blood samples were collected on 42nd day of feeding trial to study haemato-biochemical parameters. During the starter phase (0-21 days), the weight gain was improved significantly in broiler chickens of treatment groups T5 (469.85 g) fed diet is supplemented with 0.1 % MOS in combination with 0.2% citric acid followed by T4 (452.75 g) fed diet supplemented with 0.05% MOS and 0.1% citric acid, T3 (443.40 g) fed diet supplemented with 0.2% citric acid as compared with T2 (425.85 g) fed diet supplemented with 0.1% MOS and T1 (390.75 g) fed diet supplemented with control diet. During 21- 42 days (finisher phase), the average body weight gain was 1025.3, 1062.8, 1118.0, 1235.6 and 1251.4 g in broiler chickens of treatment groups T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively and differed significantly among different groups. Feed intake was not differed significantly in broiler chickens of various treatment groups. Feed conversion ratio, performance index broiler chickens differed significantly among treatment groups. During entire feeding trial period (0-42 days), supplementation of MOS and citric acid in the basal diets improved growth performance in terms of body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, performance index. The average cumulative body weight gain was 1416.1, 1488.6, 1561.4, 1688.4 and 1721.3 g in broiler chicks of treatment groups T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively and differed significantly (P<0.05) among different groups. There was no significant difference in feed intake. The nutrient utilization improved significantly among different treatment groups of broiler chickens. The various carcass traits in broiler chickens were not affected but the breast and thigh part differed significantly due to feeding of MOS and citric acid. There was no significant differences in protein and ether extract content of breast and thigh muscles. No significant difference was observed in haematological parameters in broiler chickens of different treatment groups. There was significant (P<0.05) reduction in serum cholesterol in broiler chickens of treatment groups T5 (132.05 mg/dl) followed by T4 (133.02 mg/dl) and T2 (140.78 mg/dl) as compared with T3 and T1. Serum triglycerides content significantly reduced in all the treatment groups compared with control. There was no significant difference in serum total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose concentrations and serum ALP, ALT and AST activities among the different treatment groups. The dietary supplementation of MOS in combination with citric acid at both levels showed similar performance in broiler chickens. It can be concluded that inclusion of 0.05% mannan-oligosaccharides and 0.1% citric acid in the diet of broiler chickens improved growth performance, nutrient utilization and reduced serum cholesterol and triglycerides which in turn is beneficial in broiler chickens.

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