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Subject: Agricultural Economics × Author: Ashish Prakash × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Sustainability of farming system for income and livelihood security in hills of Uttarakhand
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2019-07) Ashish Prakash; Singh, H.N.
    Sustainability is an important strategy for overall agriculture development in the country. The present study was conducted in Uttarakhand, with the objectives to estimate the income of major livelihood systems, to calculate the Sustainable livelihood security index (SLSI) for major livelihood systems and to find out the relationship between sustainable livelihood security (SLS) and its determinants. The present study utilizes both secondary and primary data; secondary data was collected for the year of 2016-17. For primary data, multistage random sampling technique was followed to select 90 farmers from Pithoragarh district and 90 farmers from Pauri Garhwal district. The annual total income formula was used to find out income of sample farmers. To calculate the second objective SLSI was used and to find out the relationship between SLS and its determinants, multiple linear regressions was used. Result shows that the annual total income from different sources such as crop enterprises, livestock enterprises, non- farm and off-farm source of income, under this the overall income was Rs.106546.00 and Rs.106851.90 in Pithoragarh and Pauri Garhwal district respectively. The district Uttarkashi (0.24) showed low sustainable livelihood security index which ranked thirteen whereas, Nainital(0.59), Udham Singh Nagar(0.57) and Pithoragarh(0.50) showed high sustainable livelihood security index which ranked first, second and third and remaining districts Dehradun(0.48),Haridwar(0.48),Pauri Garhwal(0.46), Rudraprayag (0.45), Champawat (0.44), Tehri Garhwal (0.40), Almora (0.38), Chamoli (0.32) and Bageshwar (0.30) were showed moderate sustainable livelihood security index with rank forth to twelve. The overall basis 10.00, 83.33 and 6.66 per cent farmers comes under low, moderate and high sustainable livelihood security status in Pithoragarh where as 23.33, 70.00 and 6.66 per cent farmers comes under low, moderate and high sustainable livelihood security status in Pauri Garhwal district, respectively. None of the farmer in Pithoragarh and Pauri Garhwal found under very high status of sustainable livelihood security. Analysis indicates that more than 75 per cent sampled farmer was under moderate sustainable livelihood security status to the total sampled farmers of 180 selected for present study. In marginal farmers the contribution of income from the crop enterprises(Rs.), income from livestock enterprises(Rs.), marketable surplus (qtl), livestock per household (no.), size of land holding (ha) and family size (no.) were found to be positive and significant in Pithoragarh district while Fertilizer consumption (kg/ha) was negative and non significant whereas, in Pauri Garhwal district the contribution of income from the crop enterprises(Rs.), income from livestock enterprises(Rs.), marketable surplus (qtl), fertilizer consumption (kg/ha), livestock per household (no.), size of land holding (ha) and family size (no.) were found to be positive and significant. As far as R2 is concerned, all seven variables contributed 76 per cent to sustainable livelihood security of marginal farmer in Pithoragarh and Pauri Garhwal district respectively. In small size farms category the contribution of income from the crop enterprises(Rs.), income from livestock enterprises(Rs.), marketable surplus (qtl), fertilizer consumption (kg/ha), livestock per household (no.), size of land holding (ha) and family size (no.) were found to be positive and significant in both the district of Pithoragarh and Pauri Garhwal. As far as R2 is concerned, all seven variables contributed 92 per cent to sustainable livelihood security of small farmer in Pithoragarh and 91 per cent to sustainable livelihood security in Pauri Garhwal district respectively. On the other hand the contributions of all seven variables were found positive and significant in both the districts of Pithoragarh and Pauri Garhwal. As far as R2 is concerned, all seven variables contributed 75 per cent to sustainable livelihood security of farmers in Pithoragarh and 81 per cent to sustainable livelihood security in Pauri Garhwal district respectively in overall basis. Therefore in farmers of study area should be encourage for more diversified crop cultivation, livestock production and minimized the post harvest losses.