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20111
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Subject: Agricultural Chemicals × Author: Agarwal, Ruchi × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Phytochemical analysis of some plants of family Lamiaceae and Amaranthaceae and screening of their biological activities
    (G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand), 2011-01) Agarwal, Ruchi; Pant, A.K.
    The essential oils of different collections of T. quadrifarium Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don from Patwadangar and Bhowali (Kumaon region) were analysed by GC and GC/MS. Analysis of T. quadrifarium essential oil from Patwadangar showed that presence of the 49 components contributing to 91.22% of the oil. The major components were E-7- caryophyllene (25.0%), copaene-4-8-ol (10.0%), caryophyllene oxide (9.5%), aromadendrene (6.3%), 8-humulene (4.2%) and germacrene-D (3.3%). The essential oil of T. quadrifarium for Bhowali showed the presence of 63 components contributing to 97.7% of the total oil. The major constituents in the oil were caryophyllene oxide (32.1%), 8-cadinol (7.2%), humulene epoxide (5.3%), 8-epi muurolol (5.3%), cadalene (5.3%), 7-selinene (5.2%), germacrene-D (4.6%) and t-cadinol (3.8%). Comparison of the results revealed that the composition of essential oil of T. quadrifarium from Bhowali collection seem to be quite different from the other collection of Patwadangar. GC-MS analysis of TMS derivative of methanol extract of T.quadrifarium revealed the presence of more than fifty components which contributed to 91.67% of the total TMS derivative. The major phenolic acids identified in the extract were salicylic acid (0.2%), syringic acid (0.1%), p-coumaric acid (0.01%) and caffeic acid (0.2%). The only phenolic acid glycoside identified in the extract was caffeoyl glycoside (0.1%). The GC and GC-MS analysis of the essential oil of Scutellaria scandens Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don revealed that the presence of the 43 components contributing to 71.4% identified component of the oil. 5-neo-cedranol (7.0%), caryophyllene oxide (6.8%), cuprene (6.7%), vaterianol (5.2%), curcuphenol (4.1%), 7-cedrene (3.5%), 3-iso-thujpsanone (2.7%), benzalacetone (2.3%), 3-thujopsanone (2.2%) and <–muurolol (2.2%) were the major components. The GC and GC-MS analysis of the essential oil of Scutellaria repens Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don showed the presence of 57 compounds, accounting for 80.95% identified component of the oil. The major components were cis-thujopsene (28.1%), 7-cedrene (5.7%), germacrene-B (4.6%), epi-8-cedranol (4.2%), >-cadinene (2.1%), 8-acoradiene (2.0%) and 7-chamigrene (1.9%). The essential oil of the Pogostemon benghalensis Kuntze resulted in the identification of 42 constitutents contributing to 73.57% identified component of the oil. The major constituents in the oil were furan eudesma-4,10 diene (32.8%), arbusbulone (10.21%), 8-yalangene (7.12%), 7-caryophyllene (7.02%), germacreone (6.23%), 1-octene-3-ol (5.02%), 7-bisabolene (4.20%), Eocimene (2.43%), elemol (2.58%), ?-bisabol-1,4-diene (1.38%), germacrene-D-4-ol (1.40%), 7-copane-48-ol (1.24%), 8-cadinol (1.51%), 7-eudesmol (1.70%), germacrene-B (2.84%), germacrene-D (1.34%) and 7-elemene (1.07%). The two components of the essential oil of Pogostemon benghalensis were separated by column chromatography. The compounds were identified on the basis of their spectroscopic data as fruan eudesma-4,10 diene and 8-cadinol. The phenolic acid and their glycosides identified in the TMS derivative of methanol extract of Pogostemon benghalensis were ferulic acid (0.04%), caffeic acid (0.1%), p-coumaric acid (0.1%), chlorogenic acid (0.5%) and caffeic acid glucoside (0.1%). Two compounds were isolated from the benzene extract of Cyathula tomentosa Moq. root (Compound I and II). 1HNMR, 13CNMR and DEPT spectra were recorded, the isolated compound I was identified as 7-sitosterol while compound II remained unidentified. The in vitro antioxidant potential of essential oils and extracts were evaluated for reducing power essay, 2’,2’-diphenylpicryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and chelating activity of Fe2+ ion. The maximum reducing power observed for essential oil of S. repens (1.220±0.00 to 1.280±0.000), followed by S. scandens (0.913±0.000 to 1.210±0.000), P. benghalensis leaf (0.753±0.000 to 1.137±0.001), P. benghalensis root (0.638±0.000 to 1.280 ±0.002) and T. quadrifarium (0.324±0.000 to 0.370±0.000) at dosage from 5 μL to 25. All the oils possess lower reducing power than standard BHT (2.302±0.000 to 2.508±0.001), catechin (4.000±0.000 to 4.000±0.000) and gallic acid (4.000±0.000 to 4.000±0.000). In methanolic extract maximum reducing power was observed for T. quadrifarium and S.scandens extract (4.000±0.000 and 4.000±0.000) respectively. The minimum reducing power was observed in extract of P. benghalensis root (0.461±0.001 to 0.612±0.000), followed by S. repens (0.367±0.00 to 0.461±0.008). The methanolic extract of flower of C. tomentosa (0.600±0.001 to 0.646±0.003) showed maximum reducing power followed by C.tomentosa leaf (0.334±0.000 to 0.483 ±0.001) and C. tomentosa root (0.200±0.000 to 0.436±0.001). All the methanolic extracts of C. tomentosa exhibited less reducing power than standards at concentration 5 mg to 25 mg. The essential oil of P. benghalensis (root) and P. benghalensis (leaf) (92.13±0.034 to 97.37±0.000 and 81.54±0.164 to 82.92±0.000) exhibited maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity. Minimum scavenging activity observed in essential oil of T. quadrifarium (43.03±0.001 to 44.29±0.000). Methanolic extract of T. quadrifarium (81.12±0.282 to 92.10 ±0.236) exhibited maximum scavenging activity and P. benghalensis (72.28±0.040 to 80.87±0.034) showed the least scavenging activity. Methanolic extract of C. tomentosa leaf (63.43±0.040 to 78.22±0.346) exhibited maximum scavenging activity followed by C. tomentosa root (56.51±0.034 to 72.33±0.800) and C.tomentosa flower (58.79±0.040 to 70.76±0.040). Essential oil of S. scandens (69.56±.001 to 78.92±.001%) showed highest chelating activity followed by T. quadrifarium, S. repens and P.benghalensis root (69.91±0.000 to 72.88 ±0.000%); (66.14±0.000 to 76.51±0.001%) and (64.87±0.040 to -70.17±0.073%). The methanolic extract of S. repens (75.67±0.150 to 87.28±0.005 %) showed maximum chelating activity followed by P. benghalensis root (73.71±0.045 to 77.63±0.005). The methanolic extract of C. tomentosa flower (83.10±0.057 to 98.24±0.098) and C. tomentosa root (87.39±0.000 to 91.24±0.040) showed more chelation in comparison to EDTA and citric acid (86.50±0.017 to 89.19±0.040 and 86.19 ±0.017 to 92.54±0.040) respectively. Biochemical assay for the different plants of family Lamiaceae revealed that all the plants were possess the total phenol more than 1mg/100, ortho dihydric phenol content also more than 1mg/100 in T. quadrifarium, P. benghalensis and S.repenes. The flavonoid contents were observed less than 1mg/100 in all species except T.quadrifarium. All the tested oils of T. quadrifarium and P. benghalensis root and extracts P.benghalensis and C. tomentosa showed anti-inflamatory, anti-nociceptive and antipyretic activities in dose dependent manner. All the oils and extracts showed reduction in inflammation but less than standard drug ibuprofen. T. quadrifarium extract showed maximum anti-nociceptive avtivity at the dose of 100 mg/kg body wt followed by C.tomentosa. The oils and extracts of P. benghalensis, T. quadrifarium and C. tomentosa produced significant (p<0.05) antipyretic effect in a dose dependent manner. None of the oils and extracts exhibited toxicity at 40, 60 and 80% and 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg concentration. Ibuprofen, indomthacin and paracetamol were taken as standard drugs for comparison.