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ThesisItem Open Access Empathy and happiness as determinants of altruistic behaviour among adolescents(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Kaushik, Pooja; Chawla, AshaThe present study entitled “Empathy and happiness as determinants of altruistic behaviour among adolescents” was carried out on total sample of 240 adolescents (120 rural and 120 urban) in the age group of 16-18 years from rural and urban government schools of Ludhiana. For data collection socio-personal information sheet, Altruism Scale (Rai and Singh 2004), Empathy Scale (Dubey and Tandon 2014) and Happiness Scale (Rastogi and Moorjani 2016) were used. The results revealed that rural adolescents were highly altruistic and empathetic as compared to urban adolescents. Gender differences indicated that girls were found to be more altruistic and empathetic than boys. Majority of rural and urban adolescents had experienced happiness at average level in all the dimensions. Non-Significant gender differences were found in various dimensions of happiness. Significant and positive correlation existed between altruism and empathy among rural and urban adolescents. Among rural sample, correlation was found significant and positive in social well-being whereas for urban sample, it was with career well-being and spiritual well-being. Gender-wise correlation analysis indicated positive correlation of altruism with empathy. However, girls were found more empathetic than boys. Among boys, significant and positive relationship existed between altruism and career well-being whereas for girls, correlation was found significant and positive in emotional well-being. The study concluded that empathy and happiness affected altruistic behaviour in a positive way.ThesisItem Open Access Association of psychological well-being with helplessness and hopelessness among youth(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Kaushal, Sakshi; Kanwar, VandanaPresent study was conducted to explore the association of psychological well-being with helplessness and hopelessness among youth. The respondents were undergraduate students studying in constituent colleges of Punjab Agricultural University, district Ludhiana, Punjab. Total sample comprised of 400 youth (Males=200, Females=200). Standardized scales were used for assessment of PWB (Sisodia and Choudhary, 1971), Helplessness (Mathur and Bhatnagar 2000) and Hopelessness (Beck 1974). The results indicated that both males and females had moderate level of PWB, helplessness and mild level of hopelessness. Further exploration highlighted that male youth had better PWB, less helplessness and less hopelessness in comparison to their counterparts. Regression analysis indicated negative association of perceived helplessness and hopelessness with PWB of the youth. It is recommended that longitudinal studies may be beneficial to study the change in levels of PWB, hopelessness and helplessness. Efforts in form of interventions may be planned to mitigate the effects of perceived helplessness and hopelessness among youth.ThesisItem Open Access Impact of locus of control on selected personal variables of the college students(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Sidola, Sangeeta; Saini, SaritaThe present study was undertaken to examine the impact of Locus of Control (LOC) on the selected personal variables of the college students. The total sample comprised 400 undergraduate students from the constituent colleges of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Proportionate sampling technique was employed to draw sample from different colleges and equally distributed over the gender. A self-structured personal information sheet and Locus of Control Questionnaire, Self-Esteem Inventory (Coopersmith 1986), Self- Regulation Questionnaire (Brown et al 1999) and Mental Health Battery (Singh and Gupta 2000) were used to collect relevant information from the respondents. The results revealed that irrespective of colleges, significant number of respondents were more inclined towards internal LOC. Furthermore, substantial number of respondents from all the colleges had medium level of self-esteem as well as mental health. However, majority of the respondents had low level of self-regulation. Significant gender differences were observed in LOC, selfesteem, self-regulation as well as mental health where females were more inclined towards internal LOC whereas males towards external LOC. Also, females had better self-esteem, self-regulation and mental health as compared to their male counterparts. Internal LOC was found to be significantly positively correlated with self-esteem, self-regulation, mental health as well as academic performance while external LOC was found to be significantly negatively correlated with self-esteem, self-regulation as well as academic performance of the respondents. Further, significant negative contribution of external LOC was observed on selfesteem and academic performance whereas significant positive contribution of internal LOC was observed on self-regulation of the respondents.ThesisItem Open Access Role of Social-Emotional Learning in Development of Cognitive and Behavioural Outcomes of Adolescents(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Panwar, Priyanka; Sharma, SeemaThe present study explored the role of social-emotional learning in development of cognitive and behavioural outcomes of adolescents. The sample comprised of 500 adolescents in the age range of 13-14 years randomly selected from eight government schools of Ludhiana city. Equal stratification was done across both the gender (250 boys and 250 girls) and family structure (250 nuclear families and 250 joint families). A Self-structured Personal Information Sheet, Social Emotional Competence Questionnaire (Zhou & Ee 2012), Problem Solving Ability Test (Dubey 2005), Pro-social Tendencies Measures- Revised (Carlo et al 2003), Aggression Inventory (Sultania 2006), Scale of Family Stress, Scale of Social Stress and Scale of Institutional Stress (Bisht 2005) were used to collect the relevant data. The results revealed that adolescents living in joint families possessed more social-emotional learning competencies and encountered more institutional stress, whereas adolescent from nuclear families displayed more pro-social behaviour and aggression as well as experienced more family stress. Girls from joint families and overall girls possessed more social-emotional learning competencies, whereas boys from joint families and overall boys exhibited more prosocial behaviour. Irrespective of family structure, boys were better problem solver and more aggressive, while girls experienced more social and institutional stress. Social-emotional learning had positive correlation with academic achievement in adolescents, adolescents from joint families and girls. Furthermore, social-emotional learning projected positive correlation with pro-social behaviour in adolescents from nuclear families and boys. Social-emotional learning was negatively correlated with aggression, while positively correlated with institutional stress in adolescents, adolescents from joint families and boys.ThesisItem Open Access Vision of morality among youth in Punjab and Tamil Nadu: individual and contextual influence(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Sundharalingam. B; Kang, Tejpreet K.The present study entitled "Vision of morality among youth in Punjab and Tamil Nadu: individual and contextual influence" was undertaken to assess and compare the vision of morality among youth in everyday life in both states. The influence & interplay between individual attributes like personality and personal values and contextual features like socio economic status, family environment and parent & peer attachments on vision of morality was also examined. The sample comprised of 300 young adults, 150 Punjab (75 females and 75 males), 150 Tamil Nadu (75 females and 75 males) aged between 18-20 years studying in Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana and Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The results revealed that the mean scores of vision of morality dimensions showed significant differences among youth in both the settings. A significant difference in agreeableness character of personality showed at medium and high level in both the states was observed. However, in the case of openness, significant differences were found only at high level. The mean scores for extraversion, agreeableness and openness showed significant differences in youth of both the states. Personal values (religious, social, democratic, aesthetic, economic, power) revealed significant differences in youth of Punjab and Tamil Nadu. The mean scores for personal values such as democratic knowledge and power showed significant differences in Punjab and Tamil Nadu youth. All the characters and their mean scores in measures of socio-economic status (except profession), divisions of family environment and parent & peer attachments were found to be significantly different for both the settings. Overall, the study concluded that, Punjab youth has better vision of morality, individual attributes and contextual features.ThesisItem Open Access Social emotional learning and temperament among children with and without siblings.(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Saini, Tamanna; Sharma, SeemaThe present study entitled „Social emotional learning and temperament among children with and without siblings‟ was undertaken to assess the levels of social emotional learning and temperament among children with and without siblings, aged 12-14 years living in Ludhiana city. The total sample comprised of 220 school going children (110 single children and 110 children with siblings) equally distributed over both the gender. Social emotional competence questionnaire by Zhou and Ee was administered to measure the social emotional competence of children. A Thorndike dimension of temperament test by Thorndike was applied to assess the temperament of children. Results revealed that significantly more number of children with siblings were found at higher level in the dimension of self-awareness, self-management and overall social emotional competence whereas significantly more number of single children was found at medium level. With regard to temperament, children with siblings were found to be more sociable, irritable, tender-minded and responsible whereas single children were found to be more impulsive and active. Irrespective of sibling status, no significant gender difference was found in the dimensions of social emotional competence and temperament traits except girls were found to be significantly more cheerful and boys were more neutral in trait of temperament. Correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation in various dimensions of social emotional competence and traits of temperament among children with siblings and single children. Girls were found to be significantly correlated with various dimensions of social emotional competence and traits of temperament.ThesisItem Open Access Relationship of Mental Health with Suicidal Ideation among Adolescents(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Amandeep Kaur; Kang, Tejpreet K.The study was conducted to assess the ‘Relationship of Mental Health with Suicidal Ideation among Adolescents.’ The study was based on 240 adolescents (i.e. 120 rural and 120 urban) in the age range of 16-18 years. The sample was randomly drawn from four Government Senior Secondary Schools purposively selected from rural as well as urban areas of Ludhiana district. Self-structured general information sheet was prepared to collect the general information of the adolescents. Mental Health Battery by Singh and Sengupta and Suicidal Ideation Scale by Sisodia and Bhatnagar were used to assess the mental health and suicidal ideation of the respondents respectively. Results revealed significant differences in mental health of the respondents. Boys were scoring better than their female counterparts in majority of the dimensions as well as in overall mental health. Significant locale differences existed between rural boys and girls. In suicidal ideation gender differences were found to be significant among rural boys and girls whereas non-significant differences were seen among urban boys and girls. Significant locale differences existed between rural and urban adolescents. Emotional stability, overall adjustment, self-concept, intelligence and better overall mental health made a negative contribution towards suicidal ideation as compared to autonomy and security-insecurity which made a positive contribution towards suicidal ideation among adolescents. In demographic variables, family size and presence of male and female sibling were having a significant and positive relationship with mental health whereas family income was having a significant and negative relationship with the dimension of mental health among adolescents.ThesisItem Open Access Developmental Readiness in Private School Children and its Knowledge among Teachers(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Joshi, Neha; Vig, DeepikaThe present study investigated the developmental readiness of private school children and its knowledge among teachers. The total sample of the study comprised of 200 children of class-I (i.e. 100 rural and 100 urban) and 100 teachers (i.e. 50 rural and 50 urban) teaching class-I. The sample was randomly selected from five private schools of rural and urban areas of Ludhiana district. Self structured Developmental Readiness Checklist was used to assess its different components viz. cognitive, physical and socio-emotional readiness along with self-help skills of class-I children. Similarly self structured Teachers’ Knowledge Questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of rural and urban teachers teaching class-I. The results revealed that most of the rural and urban children had high level of skills across all the domains of developmental readiness. Locale differences revealed that both rural boys and girls showed significantly better socio-emotional skills. Girls displayed significantly better cognitive abilities than boys whereas boys performed significantly better in gross motor skills. The analysis of teachers’ knowledge regarding developmental readiness indicated that urban teachers had better knowledge than rural teachers. Rural and urban teachers with regular degree had better knowledge than their counterparts with correspondence degree. The correlation analysis showed positive and significant relationship of educational qualification as well as teaching experience with knowledge of the teachers which concluded that more the educational qualification and teaching experience of the teachers, better was the knowledge regarding developmental readiness in young children.ThesisItem Open Access A Comparative Study of College Students from four streams of Education Regarding their Ideas on Development of Children(Department of Human Development College of Home Science, PAU, Ludhiana, 2002) Singh, Ritu