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2017 - 20203
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Author: Sukhdeep Kaur × Start date: 2012 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Identification of quantitative traits loci (QTLs) for popping traits and kernel size in maize
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Sukhdeep Kaur; Rakshit, Sujay
    Popping traits play an important role in the utilization of popcorn. In this study, the F8 RILs population derived from HKI PC4B (Popcorn) × CML 269 (Normal corn) was characterized for seed and popping traits, and sufficient genetic variability was observed in the RILs and the parents for target traits. The best performing RIL(s) in specific environments like RL4, RL51, RL73 were identified using AMMI analysis. A few RILs were found to be superior to those of parents representing their possible use in popcorn breeding. QTL mapping (CIM algorithms) identified a total of 15 QTLs. Out of these QTLs, five QTLs for traits TW, PEV, PPand FV were mapped consistently across the environments on chr 3, 5, 6 and 9, respectively (R2 16.60 – 29.50 %). A total of 10 QTLs identified were environment specific. Two QTLs each for TW, PEV, PP; one QTL for FV were reported on chr 1, 2, 4, 7and 8, respectively. Based on the average values of the traits, three more QTLs were identified for PP, FV and PEV on chr 3 and 1 (R2 4.71 – 11.06 %). MetaQTL approach integrated QTLs from the earlier studies using BioMercator v4.2. A total of 10 metaQTLs were identified and 229 genes were shortlisted in these regions on expression basis (nineteen genes selected using KEGG pathways). The four metaQTLs were considered important for popping traits having 5-8 QTLs clustered in regions. The QTLs for PEV (two) and seven metaQTLs for traits PP, TW, PEV, FS were observed at chr 1, earlier also QTLs and metaQTLs were reported on chr 1. Therefore considered as an important region in enhancement of popping traits
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Malnutrition among school-going children in the perspective of regional and socio-economic disparity in Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Sukhdeep Kaur; Harpreet Kaur
    The present study was conducted on one thousand and fifty school children (11-17y) selected from urban and rural government schools of three regions of Punjab, namely, Majha (n=210), Doaba (n=210) and Malwa (n=630) using thirty-cluster multistage sampling technique. The undernutrition in terms of thinness and stunting among children was studied in the perspective of regional and socio-economic disparity in Punjab. For the assessment of overnutrition as well as undernutrition in the form of thinness and stunting, children were classified according to WHO (2007) BMI-for-age (BAZ) and Height-for-age z-scores (HAZ). The results showed that the children’s diets were inadequate in energy, protein, fat, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin C, calcium, iron and zinc. Mean food variety scores (FVS) of the children from Malwa region were significantly (p≤0.01) higher in comparison to that of Majha and Doaba region. The overall mean Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) and FVS of the children from Punjab were 5.8 out of 12 and 19.3 out of 44, respectively, which indicated that their diets had poor diversity. Blood hemoglobin level of 20% of the subjects showed the highest prevalence of anemia among children from Doaba region (100%) followed by Malwa (98%) and Majha (91%) region, whereas, children from Majha region (30%) had the highest prevalence rates of stunting as compared to those from Malwa (17%) and Doaba (9%) regions. Almost equal proportion of the children from Majha and Malwa region (24 and 23%, respectively) were found to be thin, whereas, Doaba region had the highest prevalence (27%) of thinness. Overnutrition among Punjabi school children was found to be scarce, the prevalence being 11, 7 and 4% in Majha, Doaba and Malwa regions, respectively. Overall, from Punjab, the prevalence of undernutrition in terms of thinness and stunting (24 and 18%, respectively) was far lesser than the prevalence of anemia (97%) among school going children. A substantial disparity (p≤0.05) in anemia was noted with respect to caste of the children, while on the basis of BAZ scores, only religion had a significant (p≤0.05) relationship with thinness, among various socio-economic factors studied. HAZ scores for the assessment of stunting showed a significant (p≤0.01) relationship with family income and parent’s education. In conclusion, most of the socioeconomic factors appeared to influence long term chronic rather than short term acute undernutrition among Punjabi school children. Hence, the policy-makers should give utmost priority to poverty alleviation, improvement in education; more privileges to marginalized communities and better implementation of prevailing health and nutrition programs in the framework of development programs of the state in order to achieve optimum physical, nutritional and health parameters of school-going children.
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    Ovipositional preference and biochemical interaction of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) with Gossypium species
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Sukhdeep Kaur; Pandher, Suneet
    The present investigation, “Ovipositional preference and biochemical interaction of whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) with Gossypium species” was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University Regional Research Station, Faridkot during the year 2016-2017 with three cultivars of Gossypium arboreum and G. hirsutum under multiple and no choice conditions. The results showed significant difference among Gossypium species in terms of settling of whitefly adults and fecundity per unit area. The maximum number of adults per leaf was observed on G. hirsutum var. F 2228 followed by G. arboreum FMDH 9 and FDK 124.Whitefly preferred G. arboreum var. FMDH 9 for oviposition as indicated by results followed by G. hirsutum var. F 2228, significantly different from each other. The minimum number of eggs was observed on G. arboreum var. FDK 124. The trichome density of 13.67 per five mm diameter leaf disc was the highest on the F 2228. Development time on FDK 124 was 19.79 days whereas in case of F 2228, it was 15.5 days. In the second experiment on insecticide induced resurgence, studies indicated that decline in predator population led to upsurge in Bemisia incidence for short period followed by little decline. This decline probably corresponded to eventual reestablishment of natural enemies depending on the persistence of the insecticide in the environment. Total sugars in Fipronil 5 SC treatments were significantly different at different days after spraying as compared to sampling done before first spray and corresponded with maximum resurgence of whitefly in these plots. Increase in total sugars was found in other treatments also with lesser per cent of resurgence but increase was not significantly different from initial sampling. Further, the surveys were conducted in the cotton growing areas of districts Faridkot and Muktsar at fortnightly interval from July 2016 to April 2017. Nearly thirty weed species belonging to different families were abundantly found during cotton season and off season. Ten weed species exhibiting variable symptoms showed positive results by molecular diagnostic technique (Polymerase chain reaction).The six samples were asymptomatic and also carrier of virus during off season. Two weed species Abutilon theophrasti and Achyranthes aspera having nymphs was not the carrier of virus. Twelve species of weeds neither having nymphs nor the virus, were regarded as the casual hosts of whitefly. Among the three weeds Verbesina encelioides, Solanum nigrum and A. theophrasti the total life cycle of male and female of whitefly was highest on Abutilon theophrasti which might be due to longer egg incubation period, first instar duration and adult female longevity.