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2020 - 20234
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Author: Simranjit Kaur × Start date: 2020 ×
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    Marker assisted stacking of high grain yellow pigment content and rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2023) Simranjit Kaur; Sohu, V.S.
    The purpose of the study was to combine high yellow grain pigment content, stripe rust and leaf rust resistance in elite wheat background. To accomplish this, a high grain yellow pigment line (a stock having Y gene introgression in HD2967 background developed at PAU, Ludhiana) was crossed with PBW780 (an advance breeding line having Yr10 and Yr15 genes for stripe rust) and PBW771 (a wheat variety developed by PAU resistant to leaf rust and stripe rust due to the presence of gene Lr57/Yr40) individually to generate the respective F1’s while a complex F1 converging all traits under consideration was generated and grown in main season 2020-21. The segregating F2 and F3 generations were screened for yellow pigment content and rust resistance using phenotypic, biochemical and molecular marker assays. Out of the 2500 complex F1 plants grown at PAU off-season research station at Keylong, about 1062 plants were selected on the basis of grain type and rust resistance. After the morphological analysis, about 576 plants were selected for biochemical screening for high carotenoid content. Subsequently, biochemical analysis of the selected plants was done and the number of promising plants were further reduced to 170, which were later subjected to marker assays. After the molecular marker analysis, 30 plants combining high grain yellow pigment content, genes for stripe rust resistance and leaf rust resistance in various combinations in the complex F2 generation were identified. Total twenty five plants were selected from the simple F2 population which combined the genes for high grain yellow pigment content and rust resistance (Yr5) contributed by the parents HD2967+Y gene and PBW829 respectively. These promising lines will be used for breeding programs for developing high grain yellow pigment content and rust-resistant wheat varieties and hence, address both nutritional security and food security of the country.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Fine mapping of QTL (qSLB8.1 and qSLB9.1) for southern corn leaf blight resistance in maize (Zea mays L.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Simranjit Kaur; Sharma, Priti
    Southern corn leaf blight (SLB) caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus, is a fungal disease of maize. It is prevalent in warm region and can cause yield losses upto 40 percent. Therefore the present investigation was undertaken using 192 RILs developed from cross between LM5 (resistant parent) and CM140 (susceptible parent). RILs along with parental lines were evaluated for SLB disease reaction by inoculating plants at V7-9 stage and data was recorded three times in an interval of 15 days. Disease reaction data showed normal distribution which indicates the quantitative nature of inheritance. Days to anthesis (DTA), days to silking (DTS) and anthesis-silking interval (ASI) were also evaluated and low correlation was observed between flowering traits with disease data. A total of 100 SSR markers of chromosome 8 and 50 SSR markers of chromosome 9 were developed using MISA. Among 221 markers, 71 showed polymorphism between the parental lines. A linkage map was constructed with genomic coverage of 56.3 cM for chromosome 8 (within marker interval umc1075 and bnlg1067) with 20 markers and 9.6 cM for chromosome 9 (within marker interval bnlg1626 and bnlg1091) with 10 markers. QTL analysis was done using QTL cartographer and previously identified QTL qSLB8.1 has been narrowed down with PAU_63-PAU_116 (qSLB8.1) as new flanking markers from distance of 7 cM/110 Mb to 3 cM/42.4 Mb; and in qSLB8.2 distance has been narrowed down to 3.9 cM from 5.6 cM by QTL flanked by markers PAU_95-umc1872 (qSLB8.4). Further, more markers can be designed and identified flanking markers can be used for marker assisted selection.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Influence of insecticides on growth and development of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) infesting cotton
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Simranjit Kaur; Vijay Kumar
    The study on ‘Influence of insecticides on growth and development of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) infesting cotton’ was undertaken on 50 days old plants of Bt cotton cultivar, RCH 773 under screen house conditions at Entomological Research Farm, Department of Entomology, PAU, Ludhiana during crop season 2018 and 2019. Effect of repeated application of different insecticides (flonicamid 50 WG @ 100 and 200 g/ha, pyriproxifen 10 EC @ 625 and 1250 ml/ha, spiromesifen 22.9 SC @ 250 and 500 ml/ha, fipronil 5 SC @ 1000 and 2000 ml/ha, ethion 50 EC @ 1000 and 2000 ml/ha and bifenthrin 10 EC @ 450 and 900 ml/ha) on the biology and oviposition preference of B. tabaci; biochemical constituents of cotton leaf and relative expression of vit and jhe gene in B. tabaci were recorded. The results revealed that fecundity of whitefly was significantly lower in spiromesifen 22.9 SC @ 500 ml/ha (18.93 and 29.22 eggs/female) and higher in bifenthrin 10 EC @ 900 ml/ha (43.47 and 62.00 eggs/female) and fipronil 5 SC @ 2000 ml/ha (38.99 and 47.04 eggs/female) over untreated control (32.49 and 40.64 eggs/female) during 2018 and 2019, respectively. Pyriproxifen and spiromesifen significantly prolonged the incubation period, total nymphal duration, pupal period and total developmental period and had minimum egg, nymphal and immature stages’ survival of whitefly. Similarly, pyriproxifen and spiromesifen recorded minimum adult longevity, nymphal growth index, growth index of immature stages and resurgence ratio of B. tabaci. Bifenthrin neither prolonged the duration of various developmental stages nor affected nymphal growth index of B. tabaci. However, sex ratio (female:male) of B. tabaci was increased in fipronil (2.18 and 2.03) and bifenthrin (2.06 and 2.00) over untreated control (1.62 and 1.41) during 2018 and 2019, respectively. Spiromesifen (23.89 and 40.33 eggs/leaf) treated plants were least preferred for oviposition by B. tabaci whereas bifenthrin and fipronil (128.78, 250.56, and 123.33, 219.33 eggs/leaf, resp.) treated plants were most preferred over untreated control (81.00 and 120.33 eggs/leaf) during 2018 and 2019, respectively. The results obtained from biochemical studies revealed that bifenthrin and fipronil treated leaves showed increase in total soluble sugar, reducing sugar, total soluble protein, free amino acid and crude protein content of cotton leaf and decrease in starch content over untreated control. Bifenthrin also decreased the total phenol and tannin content of cotton leaves. pH, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, sucrose and free amino acids had significant positive correlation with fecundity, adult longevity and oviposition preference of whitefly whereas, phenols and tannins had negative correlation. Bifenthrin and fipronil did not show a significant effect on the relative expression of jhe and vit gene in B. tabaci. Overall results confirmed the resurgence of B. tabaci in Bt cotton with repeated application of bifenthrin and fipronil.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Security issues and their resolutions in cloud based services
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-, 2020) Simranjit Kaur; Jain, Lokesh
    The use of cloud technology is surging high these days and it is capable of handling tremendous amount of business records and processes. It not only cuts the cost incurred by storing and handling data at a very minimal price, but also enables the users to stay connected to their data at any given moment just by connecting to the Internet. Although this added advantage encourages a lot of people to store their data in the cloud, the cloud still requires a deep analysis to eradicate the many issues it has. This research focuses on going through cloud security papers and surveys to find problems. A hybrid cryptographic scheme, Hybrid Elliptic curve Cryptography-Triple Data encryption Standard (ECC-TDES), has been proposed so as to increase the data security over cloud. Through these hybrid algorithms, the data not only gets added security, but it also gains immunity to certain malicious attacks that the cloud might face. For the test runs, audio, video, image and text files of size 10-100 KB were uploaded to a cloud-based web application encrypted with the proposed algorithm in order to record performance metrics like encryption time, decryption time and accuracy. The results were then put in comparison to both ECC and TDES algorithms, individually. The outcome of the comparison showed that even though ECC-TDES takes more encryption/decryption time, it manages to get the highest accuracy at 0.1 per cent error rate.