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2020 - 20223
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Author: Sharma, Priyanka × End date: 2023 × Start date: 2020 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact of mid day meal scheme on household food security in Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Sharma, Priyanka; Grover, Kiran
    The present study was undertaken to examine the various mid day meal practices in relation to nutritional adequacy and food safety measures in the government primary schools. The perception of families of mid day meal beneficiaries about mid day meal scheme and its impact on their household food security status in Punjab was also assessed. A total of 480 mid day meal beneficiaries (7-9 years) and their families were selected using multistage random sampling technique from the three agro-climatic regions (central plain, south-western and sub-mountain undulating region) of Punjab. For the purpose, 160 mid day meal beneficiaries were selected from 8 schools belonging to two blocks of each district (Ludhiana, Bathinda and Nawanshahr). Infrastructure of the selected schools in Punjab was found to be good and satisfactory practices were observed with regards to food safety and hygiene. The bacterial and fungal count in meal samples were in the safe range. The findings revealed that adequate food ingredients (99 g of wheat and rice and 21 g of pulses) per child were provided by the schools and energy (445 kcal) and protein (17g) content of the mid-day meals was also at par with the recommended guidelines. However, average daily food and nutrient intake was found to be inadequate as compared to the suggested dietary intake and estimated average requirement. Prevalence of thinness and underweight was observed to be more in boys than girls, however, girls were more stunted than boys. Prevalence of anaemia was found to be 26 per cent in the selected mid day meal beneficiaries. The results revealed that 61 per cent of the families were from the upper lower class and the prevalence of food insecurity was high at 77 per cent. Food insecure families had a relatively higher perception about the mid day meal scheme as compared to the food secure families. Family income, socio-economic class, food expenditure, food consumption and perception about the mid day meal scheme showed a significant impact on the household food security status. Prevalence of malnutrition (wasting, stunting and underweight) was observed to be higher among the children in the food insecure families. Household food security status was found to be increasing with the increase in the family size. The findings recommend a need to create awareness regarding the benefits of various programmes implemented by the Government to combat malnutrition and improve the household food security
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Attitude and knowledge of farmers towards use of agrochemicals on selected crops in Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Sharma, Priyanka; Riar, T.S.
    The present study entitled “Attitude and knowledge of farmers towards use of agrochemicals on selected crops in Punjab” was entitled in the state of Punjab by selecting 100 rice growers from Ludhiana district, 100 cotton growers from Bathinda district and 50 vegetable growers from Sangrur district. The findings revealed that among the rice growers most of them were growing varieties which are recommended by Punjab Agricultural University. Among the cotton and vegetable growers farmers prefer to grow hybrid varieties which are developed by private companies. Most of the respondents were having low mass media exposure. Most of the farmers were getting information about agrochemicals from the private dealers whereas some of them also prefers to go to extension specialists for getting information about use of agrochemicals. Majority of the respondents purchase fertilizers from cooperative societies whereas for purchasing pesticides and other agrochemicals they prefer to go to private dealers. Most of the farmers were using high doses of agrochemicals as compared to the recommended doses. Some of the farmers were still using obsolete or banned pesticides. Most of the farmers were having low to medium level of knowledge about use of agrochemicals on all three crops. Most of the farmers were having moderately favorable attitude towards the use of agrochemicals. Among all the respondents very few farmers were getting their soil tested. Most of the respondents were not using recommended methods for disposing the empty containers of agrochemicals. Majority of the respondents were not using safety measures while preparing and spraying the spray fluid. Respondent’s age, education, training about agrochemicals and the mass media exposure were found significantly positively correlated with knowledge level of the respondents in case of paddy and vegetable crops whereas operational land holding and family size were having non- significant correlation with knowledge level of respondents. In case of cotton crop, only respondent’s education and the mass media exposure were reported to be significantly positively correlated with knowledge level of the farmers.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Attitude and knowledge of farmers towards use of agrochemicals on selected crops in Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Sharma, Priyanka; Riar, T. S.
    The present study entitled “Attitude and knowledge of farmers towards use of agrochemicals on selected crops in Punjab” was entitled in the state of Punjab by selecting 100 rice growers from Ludhiana district, 100 cotton growers from Bathinda district and 50 vegetable growers from Sangrur district. The findings revealed that among the rice growers most of them were growing varieties which are recommended by Punjab Agricultural University. Among the cotton and vegetable growers farmers prefer to grow hybrid varieties which are developed by private companies. Most of the respondents were having low mass media exposure. Most of the farmers were getting information about agrochemicals from the private dealers whereas some of them also prefers to go to extension specialists for getting information about use of agrochemicals. Majority of the respondents purchase fertilizers from cooperative societies whereas for purchasing pesticides and other agrochemicals they prefer to go to private dealers. Most of the farmers were using high doses of agrochemicals as compared to the recommended doses. Some of the farmers were still using obsolete or banned pesticides. Most of the farmers were having low to medium level of knowledge about use of agrochemicals on all three crops. Most of the farmers were having moderately favorable attitude towards the use of agrochemicals. Among all the respondents very few farmers were getting their soil tested. Most of the respondents were not using recommended methods for disposing the empty containers of agrochemicals. Majority of the respondents were not using safety measures while preparing and spraying the spray fluid. Respondent’s age, education, training about agrochemicals and the mass media exposure were found significantly positively correlated with knowledge level of the respondents in case of paddy and vegetable crops whereas operational land holding and family size were having non- significant correlation with knowledge level of respondents. In case of cotton crop, only respondent’s education and the mass media exposure were reported to be significantly positively correlated with knowledge level of the farmers.