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2016 - 20172
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Author: Satwinder Singh × End date: 2019 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Socio-economic Impact of Agroforestry in Ludhiana district
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Satwinder Singh; Avtar Singh
    The present study was conducted in Ludhiana district to find out the socio-economic impact of agroforestry and non-agroforestry adopters. From the Ludhiana district, 52 agroforestry and 52 non-agroforestry adopters were selected for the present study. The social and economic profile of the farmers was evaluated by asking them to fill a questionnaire and personal interviews. The impact of socio-economic factors was assessed adopting standard methodology. Result pertaining to adoption of agroforestry revealed that major part (48.08%) of adopters were graduate or above, mass media exposure was higher (82.69%) among adopters and operational land holdings were also large (36.53%). The other social factors like family type, extension contacts, residential area, livestock and presence of physical assets also reported differences among adopters and non-adopters. The economic analysis of poplar with wheat as intercrop in agroforestry system was more economical than pure cropping system during 2012-2017 except 2016 when high fluctuation in price of poplar was reported (Rs. 450 per quintal or less). Annuity value and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) of agroforestry system was calculated to be higher than pure cropping system, during the year 2017, the BCR of agroforestry system was 4.32 whereas it was 3.31 for pure agriculture cropping system.
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    Nitrogen management and lopping schedule for optimization of crop growth, grain yield and quality of October sown dual purpose malt barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Satwinder Singh; Sharma, Pawan Kumar
    The field experiment entitled “Nitrogen management and lopping schedule for optimization of crop growth, grain yield and quality of October sown dual purpose malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)” was conducted on loamy sand soil, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, high in phosphorus and medium in potassium at Student's Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with nine treatments i.e. no lopping with application of whole nitrogen (N) at sowing (L0N1) and other eight treatments included combination of two lopping schedules (50/60 DAS) and four N application modules viz. application of whole N at sowing (L50/L60N1); half at sowing + ½ after first irrigation (L50/L60N2); ¼ at sowing + ¼ after first irrigation + ½ after lopping (L50/L60N3); ¼ after first irrigation + ¾ after lopping (L50/L60N4) replicated four times. The uncut crop fertilized with whole N at sowing (L0N1) attained significantly higher plant height, number of effective tillers and dry matter at harvest. The highest green and dry fodder yield was recorded from the crop lopped 60 days after sowing fertilized with whole N at sowing (L60N1) than crop lopped 50 days after sowing under all N modules but was at par with L60N2. Crop lopped 50 days after sowing (L50N1) produced fodder of superior quality in terms of crude protein, total ash and digestibility (in-vitro) over the crop lopped 60 days after sowing (L60N1) but had higher nitrate nitrogen content than the later treatment. The highest grain and straw yield was obtained from the uncut crop fertilized with whole N at sowing (L0N1) but the grain yield of uncut crop was at par with L50N3 and L50N4. Crop lopped 50 days after sowing as fodder and fertilized in two splits (L50N2) gave highest net returns among all the treatments.