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2012 - 20184
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Author: Sandeep Singh × End date: 2019 ×
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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Gene scouting for rust(s) resistance in wheat germplasm
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Sandeep Singh; Jaspal Kaur
    During the Rabi crop season of the year 2016-17, six hundred and seven (607) wheat germplasm lines were evaluated in the field and found sixty six lines resistant to stripe rust, three hundred thirty six lines resistant to leaf rust and thirty four lines resistant to both stripe rust and leaf rust. In the second year (2017-18), the wheat germplasm was evaluated against different pathotypes of Puccinia striiformis tritici (Pst) (238S119, 110S119, 46S119 and 78S84) and P. triticina (Pt) (77-5 and 77-9) at seedling stage. From seedling reaction test it was observed that fifty six (56) lines and one hundred and ten lines (110) possess resistance against all the pathotypes of Pst and Pt tested respectively. All the test wheat lines were categorized into different clusters based on final rust severity (FRS), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), relative area under disease progress curve (rAUDPC) and coefficient of infection (CI). Fifty two (52) lines were highly resistant to stripe rust and one hundred seventy one (171) lines were highly resistant to leaf rust and remaining lines showed different reaction based on the particular range of slow rusting parameters. Genotypes which showed resistance either to stripe rust or to leaf rust were further evaluated against mixture of Pst pathotypes (238S119, 110S119, 46S119 and 78S84) and individually against 110S119 and 46S119. For leaf rust evaluation was done by using mixture of Pt pathotypes (77-5, 77-9, 104-2 and 12-2) and 77-5 and 77-9 in isolation. NILs carrying known APR genes and susceptible checks for also used for comparison purpose under the field conditions. The results of the present study revealed that fifty two lines has resistance against most prevalent pathotypes of stripe rust in Punjab (238S119, 110S119, 46S119 and 78S84) and one hundred seventy one (171) lines have resistance to mixture (77-5, 77-9, 104-2 and 12-2) pathotypes of Pt. Reaction on NILs showed that Yr1, Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24, Yr26, Yrsp, Yr31, Yr51, Yr47, Yr57, Yr63 are effective against most prevalent pathotypes of stripe rust in Punjab and Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr8, Lr19, Lr22a, Lr23, Lr(27+31), Lr45, Lr51, Lr53, Lr57, Lr58, Lr76 are effective against leaf rust pathotypes. For deployment of resistance sources, total 40 crosses were made. Eleven lines resistant to stripe rust were crossed with PBW621 and twenty nine lines resistant to leaf rust were crossed with HD3086. F1 and F2 plants obtained were tested separately against stripe rust and leaf rust. From the disease reaction of majority of F1 and F2 populations it was concluded that resistance in these lines is controlled by single dominant gene against both stripe and leaf rust.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Weed management in organic soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Sandeep Singh; Aulakh, C. S.
    The present investigation, “Weed management in organic soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)” was carried out at Students’ Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during Kharif 2015. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam having normal pH, medium organic carbon, available N and available K and high available P. The experiment comprised of twelve treatments viz straw mulch @ 4 t ha-1, straw mulch @ 4 t ha-1 followed by hand weeding at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS), straw mulch @ 6 t ha-1, straw mulch @ 6 t ha-1 followed by hand weeding at 6 WAS, cowpea intercropping (1:1) and harvesting at 6 WAS, cowpea intercropping (1:2) and harvesting at 6 WAS, cowpea intercropping (1:1) and its in-situ mulching at 6 WAS, cowpea intercropping (1:2) and its in-situ mulching at 6 WAS, hand weedings at 2, 5 and 8 WAS with weed biomass retained, hand weedings at 2, 5 and 8 WAS with weed biomass removed, weed free and unweeded control. The treatments were quadruplicated in a randomized complete block design. The crop was raised organically with green manuring of sunnhemp and 8 t ha-1 of FYM. The straw mulch was applied immediately after flat sowing of soybean cultivar SL 958. One or two rows of cowpea cultivar CL 367 were sown between the soybean rows as per the treatments. Trianthema portulacastrum was the predominant weed in the crop. The straw mulch and hand weeding treatments were superior in weed control and resulted in reduced weed population, weed dry matter accumulation and N, P and K uptake by weeds. The cowpea intercropping treatments were ineffective to control weeds during the initial period and cowpea harvesting at 6 weeks after sowing resulted in damage to soybean plants leading to its decreased plant population. However, cowpea (1:1) intercropping treatments were better in weed control than cowpea (1:2) treatments during the later crop growth stages. The crop growth parameters like plant height, dry matter accumulation, number and dry weight of root nodules, N, P and K uptake and yield attributes were higher with straw mulch and hand weeding treatments than cowpea intercropping. The microbial populations were higher with rice straw mulching except phosphorous solubilizing bacteria (PSB) which did not vary with weed control treatments. Straw mulch, hand weeding and cowpea (1:1) treatments gave significantly higher seed yield of soybean than unweeded control. Cowpea (1:1) treatments compensated damaged plant populations of soybean with more number of pods plant-1 and resulted in statistically similar seed yield to that with straw mulch and hand weedings. Both straw mulch treatments, SM 4 t ha-1 and SM 6 t ha-1 resulted in highest B:C (1.89, each). Thus, the application of straw mulch 4 to 6 t ha-1 was found to be more efficient for weed control, obtaining higher seed yield and more economic returns.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Development and management of fruit flies, Bactrocera spp. on different fruit crops
    (PAU, 2012) Sandeep Singh; SHARMA, D. R.
    The present study entitled “Development and management of fruit flies, Bactrocera spp. on different fruit crops” was conducted inthe Fruit Entomology Laboratory, Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana and University Seed Farm, Ladhowal during 2010 and 2011. Studies on development of fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) on different fruit crops showed that guava was the most suitable host followed by Kinnow, pearand peach. Different combinations of temperature and relative humidity did not have any consistent influence on biological parameters. Evaluation of the impact of number of methyl eugenol based mineral water bottle traps (4-16 traps/acre) in male annihilation technique (MAT) in peach, pear, guava and Kinnow revealed that number of traps had a significant impact on the number of males trapped, quality marketable fruits and yield. Maximum males were trapped in guava followed by Kinnow, pear and peach. Four peaks were recorded with the availability of hosts like peach, pear, guava and Kinnow. A total of 1.99 lakh males were trapped (SMW 14 to 45) in these four crops during the year 2010. The present study indicated that availability of host plants had a direct bearing on population of fruit flies but the population was positively correlated with maximum and minimum temperature, whereas rainfall, sunshine and relative humidity had no significant effect on population variation on different crops. The successful control of male fruit flies and highest fruit yield was achieved by using 16 traps/acre in all these crops. Spinosad based bait application technique (BAT) comprising of a mixture of protein hydrolysate (0.1%) and spinosad (0.03%) was an appropriate treatment for the management of female fruit flies on pear and guava. Application of new IPM Module involving cultural practices, sanitation, MAT (16 traps/acre) and BAT (a mixture of protein hydrolysate (0.1%) and spinosad 0.03%) had successfully reduced the fruit fly population/infestation on pear, guava and Kinnow crops. Adults of parasitoid, Biosteres (Chilocaudatus) longicaudatus Ashmead emerged from fruit fly infested peach, pear, guava and Kinnow fruits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of resistance in barley against corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Sandeep Singh; Jindal, Jawala
    To characterize resistance in barley against corn leaf aphid (CLA), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) the biological parameters of aphid, morphological/phenological and biochemical parameters of plants were studied on five resistant genotypes (BCU-2806, IC-434880, BCU-4507, BK-9816, CIHO-6264) and one susceptible genotype (PL-426). The prolonged developmental period (12.92±0.49 to15.08±0.55 days) and total life span (32.45 ±0.77 to 33.82±0.76 days); and reduce fecundity (31.10±0.51 to 37.50±0.41 nymphs/female) and reproductive potential (2.24±0.06 to2.65±0.03 nymphs/female/day) were observed in resistant genotypes as compared to susceptible genotype PL-426 (12.07±0.34 days, 27.13 ±0.65 days, 42.20±1.48 nymphs/female and 3.75±0.13 nymphs/female/day, respectively). The morphological parameters viz. lower chlorophyll content (r=0.59), more numbers of tillers per meter row length (r =-0.94) and longer ear head size (r=-0.61) had significantly contributed towards resistance reaction in test genotypes. Among biochemical constituents, high total phenol content (r=-0.34), more specific activity of phenyal ammonia lyase (PAL) (r=-0.80) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) (r=-0.36) had contributed towards resistance to CLA. However, higher total sugars (r=0.56), total soluble protein (r=0.60) and free amino acid content (r=0.47) had contributed towards susceptibility of test barley genotypes to CLA. In correspondence to these parameters, the genotype BCU-2806 and IC-434880 were resistant, while BK-9816, BCU-4507 and CIHO-6264 were moderately resistant and PL-426 was susceptible to CLA. Hence, the genotypes with lower sugar, protein, free amino acid and chlorophyll content and higher phenol content, specific activity of PAL and PPO and tillers/ meter row length with longer ear should be consider for breeding of resistance varieties in barley against R. maidis.