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Author: Sandeep Kaur × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis ×
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    Effect of harvest dates and packaging on storage of pear cv. patharnakh
    (Punjab Agricultural University, 2022) Sandeep Kaur; Gill, Mandeep Singh
    The investigations on the "Effect of harvest dates and packaging on storage of pear cv. Pathernakh." was conducted in Post harvest Laboratory, Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2021. The two factors affecting the storage of pear i.e harvest dates and packaging materials were studied independently. For 1st experiment pear fruits cv. Patharnakh harvested on four different dates (2nd, 3rd, 4th week of July and 1st week of August) and packaged in CFB boxes and stored under cold temperature conditions (0-1 ºC and 90-95 % RH). The observations for various quality attributes were recorded on the day of storage and at 30th, 45th, 60th and 70th days of storage. Results demonstrated that fruits harvested on 2nd week of July consistently exhibited the highest fruit firmness, titratable acidity, total antioxidant activity (TAA) and total phenolics content (TPC) than the late harvested fruits. Contrarily, delayed harvested fruits recorded higher total soluble solids (TSS) and total sugars. Moreover, fruits harvested in 3rd week of July had minimum the weight loss and highest sensory quality until 70th day of storage. The fruit harvested at later harvesting stage recorded higher activities of fruit softening enzymes activities like pectin methylesterase (PME), polygalacturonase (PG) and cellulase enzymes as compared to fruit harvested at earlier stage. Thus, the results revealed that fruits harvested during 3rd week of July had retained all the physico-chemical characteristics and enhanced the storage and keeping quality of pear. On the other hand, packaging methods could have a significant effect on quality and storage life of pear fruits. Hence, this second experiment was conducted to study the effects of different packaging materials on storage quality of Patharnakh pear fruit. The fruit were packed in corrugated fibre board (CFB) boxes, shrink film, cling film and wooden boxes and placed under low temperature storage conditions (0-1 ºC and 90-95 % RH). Physico-chemical parameters and enzymatic activities were conducted on the day of harvest and at 30th, 45th, 60th and 70th days of storage. Results revealed that both film packaging‟s significantly reduced the weight loss and maintained higher fruit firmness throughout the storage period, but showed higher spoilage at the end of storage. However, the fruits packed in CFB boxes exhibited lower spoilage and maintained higher sensory quality, total soluble solids (TSS) and total phenolics content (TPC) at the end of storage. Throughout the storage period, film packaging treatments resulted in higher fruit firmness, acid content, total antioxidant activity (TAA) and lower activities of fruit softening enzymes like pectin methylesterase (PME), polygalacturonase (PG) and cellulase. The results showed that for long term storage of pear fruits CFB box packaging is appropriate method because of higher sensory quality and lower spoilage.
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    Impact of parental migration on children left behind: a study of rural Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Sandeep Kaur; Atinder Pal Kaur
    The present study was an attempt to analysed the impact of parental migration on children left behind: a study of rural Punjab, with specific objectives: (i) to study the pattern of migration in selected families and (ii) to examine the impact of parental migration on leftbehind children (iii) to study the challenges faced by the left-behind children and suggest possible remedies. Based on 120 household data, the study concluded that migration was (63.33%) in scheduled caste and highest migration to Dubai (43.33%). 60% of migration from migrant households to Gulf countries. The study depicts overall labor migration in the selected families. (90%) of migrants indulge in semi-skilled occupations after migration that was working in unskilled occupation before migration. In the migrant household, remittances were the primary source of income (73.33 %). The study highlighted that parents' migration positively and negatively impacted children left behind. Most children approximately (66%) went to private schools, and daughters in migrant households were getting good educations. Even a significant share of the remittances was utilized for food consumption and luxury items for their children. Migrants also send gift remittances such as technological gadgets such as mobile phones (53.33%), tablets (28.33%), toys (26.70%) and other items. On the positive side, children can get better education and comfortable life after their father's migration. However, on the psychological side, children in (58%) of households face loneliness and (75%) of their children miss their fathers. Even (56.67%) of household guardians faced difficulty in maintaining household responsibilities. Children in (65%) of households face a problem talking about personal feelings. The study suggested that there is a need to understand the living environment of left-behind children to design an effective programme.