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2019 - 201912020 - 20211
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Author: Ramandeep Kaur × Start date: 2011 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of wheat lines with rye translocation for biochemical and quality parameters
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Ramandeep Kaur; Grewal, Satvir Kaur
    The replacement of the short arm of wheat chromosome 1B with short arm of rye 1R chromosome (1BL/1RS translocation) has been widely used around the world to enhance wheat yield potential, resistance to rust and mildew and adaptation. However, the translocation is combined with inherent quality problems associated with reduced dough strength and dough stickiness (`sticky dough syndrome') mainly because of two loci on 1RS, presence of Sec-1 on proximal end encoding ω-and γsecalins and absence of Glu-B3 linked Gli-B1 on distal end. The study aimed at using two NILs, one carrying Glu-B3-/Sec-1 and the other carrying Glu-B3+/Sec-1+ from 1BS, generated in background of Pavon (Pavon44:38 and Pavon40:9) for transferring these two loci in yellow rust resistant version of two elite wheat varieties PBW550 + Yr5 (BWL3558) and DBW17 + Yr5 (BWL3279) carrying 1BL/RS translocation (Glu-B3-/Sec-1+) through maker assisted backcross breeding (MABB) for addressing the quality concern of 1BL/1RS translocation lines and their characterization on the basis of biochemical and quality parameters associated with bread baking characteristics. BC1F5:6 advanced backcross introgression lines (ABILs) (Glu-B3-/Sec-1- and Glu-B3+/Sec+1) were generated from four different crosses (Pavon44:38xBWL3558, Pavon44:38xBWL3279, Pavon40:9xBWL3558 and Pavon40: 9xBWL3279) through foreground and background selection. The absence of Secalin protein and presence of GluB3/GliB1 proteins of the selected 126 ABILs were also confirmed through SDS-PAGE. The evaluation of these 126 selected ABILs for yield related traits, biochemical as well as quality characteristics was done for two years. In yield trial, 21 ABILs with Sec-1 and 9 ABILs with Glu-B3 gene in the background of PBW550/DBW17 whose performance was better to recurrent parent were selected. Significant GxE effect was observed across the years. On the other end, from these 126 ABILs the well performed ABILs for biochemical and quality characteristics were selected for product making along with the donor and recurrent parent as checks. Effect of environment was found to be significant on all the biochemical and quality traits of the grains. The ABILs selected for product making were having total phenol content (≤ 2mg/g), total carotenoids content (≥ 3.5), free amino acid content (≥ 1.3), protein content (11-12%), hectolitre weight (72-76kg/hl), grain hardness (10-12kg), phenol reaction score (2.5-3.5), grain appearance score (5-6), sedimentation value (40-50cc), gluten index (90-100),), and gluten content (12-15%). In these selected ABILs there were 9 ABILs with Glu-B3-/Sec-1-1 and 4 ABILs with Glu-B3-/Sec-1- gene configuration on 1RS chromosome. The loaf volume and loaf rise was better of the ABILs in which Sec-1- locus have been transferred which indicated that the presence of Sec-1 is more deleterious than the absence of Glu-B3. The developed two sets of recombinant 1BL/1RS lines (Glu-B3-/Sec-1- and Glu-B3+/Sec+1) can be intercrossed and used for the generation of more improved version of 1BL/1RS cultivars (Glu-B3+/Sec-1-).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Optimization Of Microwave Assisted Multilayer Drying Of Bittergourd For Capacity Enhancement And Energy Conservation
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Ramandeep Kaur; Satish Kumar
    Studies were carried out on optimization of microwave assisted multilayer drying of bittergourd (Momordica charantia). The drying of bittergourd was carried out by three different methods: Multilayer drying at 5 levels of loading densities (31-60 kg/m2) and air velocities, 2.6-5.41 m/s; Multilayer-cum-microwave drying at 3 power levels (300-600 W) and exposure time (8-24s) with pause time 30s; Multilayer-cum-customized microwave drying at 3 power level (300-600W), exposure time (8-24s) and air velocity (3-9 m/s) with pause time 20s. The drying parameters included moisture content, drying rate, temperature and relative humidity of outgoing air, product temperature, heat utilization factor and specific energy consumption. Quality attributes included rehydration ratio, shrinkage ratio, ascorbic acid, texture (hardness), colour, protein and overall acceptability. Multilayer drying of bittergourd with an initial moisture content of 91% wb was carried out at 60°C in mechanical drier (SATAKE) till it reached 7.05% db. Optimized result of multilayer drying was used for multilayer-cum-microwave drying; product was partially dried at optimized condition up-to 27% wb followed by microwave drying to 7.05% db. The drying time to reach equilibrium moisture content were found to be between 210 – 480, 190 – 213 and 185 -188 min for multilayer, multilayer-cum-microwave and multilayer-cum-customized microwave drying, respectively. The decline in drying rate increased with increase in air velocities, power level and exposure time whereas opposite trend was observed for loading densities. Maximum drying rate (15.25% db/min) was observed for multilayer-cum-customized microwave. Relative humidity of outgoing air and heat utilization factor decreased with drying time but opposite trend was observed for temperature of outgoing air and product. Page model showed the highest adequacy of fit for multilayer drying; Logarithmic model for multilayer-cum-microwave drying and Midli et al model for multilayer-cum-customized microwave drying. The effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) increased with increase in air velocity, power level, exposure time and decreased with increase in loading density. The highest Deff of 1.33×10-05m2/s was observed for multilayer-cum-customized microwave drying, which was 70% higher than multilayer drying. The optimum operating conditions for multilayer drying, multilayer-cum-microwave drying and customized microwave drying were 55.0 kg/m2& 5.0 m/s, 450W & 24s and 450W, 24s & 3.75 m/s, respectively. It was concluded that multilayer drying and multilayer-cum-customized drying resulted in capacity enhancement by 3.3 & 4.84 time more in compare to single layer drying. Alternatively it will resulted in saving drying time by 70 & 79.3% in respective methods. Overall multilayer-cum-customized microwave drying was found to be best method.