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20213
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Author: Parminder Singh × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Status of high density planting of Kinnow mandarin in Sub- mountainous zone of Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Parminder Singh; Pankaj Kumar
    The study entitled “Status of high density planting of kinnow mandarin in sub- mountainous zone of Punjab” was undertaken with the objectives to study different cultivation practices, problems faced by kinnow growers and to ascertain the economic benefits in HDP over conventional planting of Kinnow. The study was conducted in sub-mountainous zone of Punjab and a total of 120 Kinnow growers were selected for the study. It was observed that the majority (64.2%) of respondents belonged to the age group 25-59 years. One third (32.5%) of respondents educated up to graduation and 37.5 percent of the respondents had semi-medium operational landholding. Majority of respondents had low level of extension contacts and mass media exposure. Only 18.3 percent of the respondents procured nursery plants from recommended sources. About 45 percent in HDP and 14.3 percent of the respondents in conventional planting planted recommended number of plants per acre. In general respondents used prescribed pesticides for management of insects (aphids, citrus psylla, leaf minor and mites etc.) and diseases (citrus canker and gummosis) on recommended time in high density and in conventional planting. Majority (90.8%) of respondents leased out their Kinnow orchards to contractors in HDP but in conventional planting majority (57.2%) sold their produce on their own. Higher returns as compared to traditional planting was major reason (94.2%) behind adoption of high density planting whereas small land holding was the major limiting factor for kinnow cultivation. Conventional planting kinnow growers fetched more price than high density due to better fruit quality. The net income from leased out orchard was found to be Rs. 52763 and Rs 44505 per acre for high density planting and conventional planting respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Status of high density planting of Kinnow mandarin in Sub- mountainous zone of Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Parminder Singh; Pankaj Kumar
    The study entitled “Status of high density planting of kinnow mandarin in sub- mountainous zone of Punjab” was undertaken with the objectives to study different cultivation practices, problems faced by kinnow growers and to ascertain the economic benefits in HDP over conventional planting of Kinnow. The study was conducted in sub-mountainous zone of Punjab and a total of 120 Kinnow growers were selected for the study. It was observed that the majority (64.2%) of respondents belonged to the age group 25-59 years. One third (32.5%) of respondents educated up to graduation and 37.5 percent of the respondents had semi-medium operational landholding. Majority of respondents had low level of extension contacts and mass media exposure. Only 18.3 percent of the respondents procured nursery plants from recommended sources. About 45 percent in HDP and 14.3 percent of the respondents in conventional planting planted recommended number of plants per acre. In general respondents used prescribed pesticides for management of insects (aphids, citrus psylla, leaf minor and mites etc.) and diseases (citrus canker and gummosis) on recommended time in high density and in conventional planting. Majority (90.8%) of respondents leased out their Kinnow orchards to contractors in HDP but in conventional planting majority (57.2%) sold their produce on their own. Higher returns as compared to traditional planting was major reason (94.2%) behind adoption of high density planting whereas small land holding was the major limiting factor for kinnow cultivation. Conventional planting kinnow growers fetched more price than high density due to better fruit quality. The net income from leased out orchard was found to be Rs. 52763 and Rs 44505 per acre for high density planting and conventional planting respectively.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study on women engaged in micro-enterprises in sub-mountainous region of Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Parminder Singh; Sharma, Shalini
    Micro- enterprises creates rapid employment opportunities with relatively low capital investment, builds up more equitable circulation of national income, makes effective mobilization of untapped capital and human skills. So, the present study was an attempt to address the impact of micro-enterprises on the women engaged in micro enterprises with specific objectives- to ascertain the socio-economic status of women, to analyze the impact of micro-enterprises on women‟s well being and agency aspect and to assess the challenges faced by women and suggest possible remedies. The study was conducted in randomly selected two districts viz. Hoshiarpur and Roopnagar of sub mountainous region of Punjab. From each selected district five enterprises were selected viz. two registered and three unregistered. From each selected enterprise twelve respondents were selected to make sample of 120 respondents. The study found that majority of the respondents (42.50 %) fall in the age group of 31-40 years, earned less than five thousand rupees per month (78.33%), married (71.67%), practiced Sikh religion (50.83%) and belonged to Scheduled Castes (43.33%). Women engaged in registered enterprises (29.17%) had higher Socio-economic Status compared to their counterpart in un-registered enterprises (9.72%). Microenterprises impacted personal, familial, social and economic factors of women engaged in registered enterprises (25.00%) and in un-registered (6.94%) one. Lack of experience in financial matters, lack of appreciation and high cost of production (each ranked I) were the personal, socio-familial and production related problems respectively in registered enterprises, and loaning procedure of financial institutes and intensive market competition (each ranked I) were socio-familial and market related problems for those in un-registered enterprises. Study suggested proactive role of extension personnels and NGOs in apprising women entrepreneurs with latest, motivating and training them to improve economic viability of their enterprises.