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2021 - 20223
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Author: Lovepreet Singh × Start date: 2021 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    Population structure and mating type distribution of Ascochyta rabiei from Northern India
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Lovepreet Singh; Amarjit Singh
    A set of twenty-four isolates of Ascochyta rabiei causing Ascochyta blight (AB) of chickpea were collected from different chickpea growing areas of Northern India. The AB isolates were assessed for their virulence pattern on a set of varieties with varying levels of resistance viz; PBG 5, PBG 7, PBG 8 and L 555. Disease severity was observed as the lowest in case of AB 19 i.e. 2.83, indicating that it was the least virulent isolate on all four varieties. Likewise; the most virulent isolate was observed as AB 1 which showed the highest disease severity i.e. 7.9 on 1-9 rating scale. On the basis of virulence pattern, all the isolates were clustered into two main groups – Group A (14 isolates) and Group B (10 isolates). The mean disease severity of group A ranged from 4.75 to 7.83 whereas in case of group B, the disease severity ranged from 2.83 to 5.17. Genotyping of all 24 AB isolates with 27 SSR loci produced 119 alleles ranging from 2 to 8 in number and 138 to 490 bp in size with an average of 5.42 alleles per marker. The observed heterozygosity was zero in all the populations. This may be due to absence of sexual spores in India and presence of only haploid pycnidiospores of this fungus. Further, the percent variation between the populations was very small i.e. 0.56%. However, the genetic variation within the population was very high i.e. 99.93%. The unweighted neighbour-joining dendrogram grouped the 24 isolates of the three populations into three major clusters. Cluster I included isolates 1 and 6, cluster II consisted of 11 isolates 20, 4, 11, 24, 9, 14, 8, 21, 13, 15 and 18. Cluster III consisted of 11 isolates 2, 5, 12, 23, 3, 19, 7, 16, 17, 10 and 22. Principal coordinated analysis (PCoA) showed that overall, the AB isolates were grouped into four major groups. Clumpak (barplot) clustering of individuals into populations based on multi-locus genotyping grouped the isolates into 3 clusters with an admixture indicating no clear-cut geographical origin-based sub structuring of the population. The MAT1-2 primer amplified in all the isolates giving an amplicon of ~ 800bp whereas MAT1-1 did not amplify in any of the isolates. It indicated that only one mating type ie; MAT1-2 was present in all the AB isolates. For confirmatory study the 800 bp amplicon produced by MAT1-2 primer was sequenced and subjected to BLAST analysis which showed 81.05 to 98.29% homology with Didymella rabiei strain ATCC 76501MAT 1-2-1 (MAT 1-2-1) gene.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study on indigenous traditional knowledge regarding food preparations of Sri Muktsar Sahib district of Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Lovepreet Singh; Brar, Jaswinder Kaur
    The present investigation was carried out to identify and document the traditional indigenous knowledge of food preparations of Sri Muktsar Sahib district of Punjab. One hundred households with at least one woman above sixty years of age were selected. An interview schedule was used to collect information from the women respondents in the age category of 60 years and above on Indigenous Traditional Knowledge (ITK) regarding foods prepared for different age groups i.e. infants, preschool children, adolescents, adults, pregnant women, lactating women and elderly. Sixty-eight food preparations traditionally prepared in the selected households were identified and documented under six food groups. The findings revealed that eight food preparations were for infants while 14 preparations were specifically for pre-school children, 29 for adolescents, 41 for adults, 4 for pregnant woman, 5 for lactating woman and 30 for elderly members in the selected households. The preparation of kanak pinni and bajra pinni for preschool children was reported by 42 and 43% of the respondents, while 45 and 65% of households used to prepare these for adolescents and adults, respectively. Desi ghee with milk was consumed by pregnant women of selected 40% households, whereas, panjiri and parshad with ajwain was consumed by lactating mothers of 32 and 38% of the households, respectively. Makki da daliya was prepared for elderly people in 28% of the households. The primary reasons for consuming the traditional food preparations were reported to be the growth and development of children, to regain the lost strength during birth process by mother, to purify blood, to cure infections, to boost immunity and to relieve gastrointestinal problems like diarrhea, constipation etc. Thirty-one reported food preparations were consumed during all seasons, while 30 and 7 were consumed during winter and summer season, respectively. Most of the food preparations were consumed as evening snack i.e. in 51% of the households followed by mid-morning (43%), lunch time (35%), early morning and bed time (21%), dinner (12%) and as breakfast (10%). The reported indigenous food preparations were documented in the form of booklet so that these documented food preparations can be popularized as an attempt to preserve traditional wisdom regarding health foods.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of bioinoculants on raising quality planting stock of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Lovepreet Singh; Sharma, Rajni
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of bioinoculants on raising quality planting stock of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.)” was conducted in fields of Department of Forestry and Natural Resources and Laboratory of Department of Soil Science, PAU, Ludhiana during the year 2019-2020.Seeds were collected from healthy plants of neem (Azadirachta indica) and were given five different treatments viz., Azotobacter (T1) (Nitrogen fixer), Pantoea agglomeran (T2) (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria), Pseudomonas fluorescens (T3) (phosphorus solubilizing bacteria), Consortium 1(T4) (PAU recommended), Consortium 2 (T5) (T1+T2+T3) and control to record their morphological, biochemical and nutrient parameters. Readings were recorded at interval of 3 and 6 months from the seedlings raised from these treated seeds. Among all treatments, Pantoea agglomeran (T2) recorded maximum total plant height (35.00 and 50.00 cm), Collar diameter (26.00 and 76.00 mm), number of branches per plant (22.33 and 29.30), leaf area per plant(1.98 and 4.10 cm2) , root length (12.50 and 14.00 cm), fresh weight of shoot (13.51 g and 20.96g), dry weight of shoot(10.51 g and 16.32 g), fresh weight of root (5.77 and 9.88 g), dry weight root(4.01 and 7.81g) sturdiness quotient(0.86 and 0.47) and seedling quality index(4.30 and 9.49) at 3 and 6 months respectively. The available P (35.90 and 37.83 kg/ha) and (0.36 and 0.37) organic carbon, alkaline phosphatase activity (19.69 and 21.26 µgPNP/g/ha), dehydrogenase activity (12.73 and 14.75 µgTPF/g/ha) from soil and nutrient content of root, shoot and leaf portions of neem seedlings was found maximum in soils treated with microbial Consortium 2 (T5) at 3 and 6 months of seedling growth. Among all treatments, Consortium 2 (T5) recorded maximum nutrient content accumulation in all parts of seedlings. Hence these findings also recommend that the application of Consortium 2 (T5) may be used as biological fertilizer to enhance the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars and nutrient composition of 3 and 6 month old seedlings which will further help in better stand establishment.