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Author: Lovepreet Singh × End date: 2021 × Start date: 2021 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Structural Stability Analysis of Naturally Ventilated Polyhouses
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Lovepreet Singh; Kaushal, Arun
    The research work on structural stability analysis of naturally ventilated polyhouses was carried out at Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. There were total 12 treatments which were combination of four different sizes of polyhouses i.e. 560 m2 (T1-T3); 1008 m2 (T4-T6); 2080 m2 (T7-T9); 4000 m2 (T10-T12), with three design wind speeds 100 km/hr, 150 km/hr and 200 km/hr respectively. Truss members, columns and foundation stability analysis was carried out by considering dead loads, live loads and wind loads. Support reactions were computed on truss and column joints. Member forces were computed by using force method. The economic analysis was carried out by computing benefit cost (B/C) ratio and payback period for raising capsicum under stable structures. For every 17 set of truss members four members (two in compression (small arc) and two in tension (truss bracings)) failed in treatments with 150 and 200 km/hr wind speed while two members (in compression, (small arc)) failed in treatments with 100 km/hr wind speed. Minimum structural GI pipe material requirement for structurally stable polyhouses was under treatment T1 (2407 kg) and maximum under treatment T12 (19550 kg). The maximum benefit cost ratio was obtained in treatment T10 (1.77, 2.33) and minimum was in treatment T3 (1.36, 1.84) with no and 50% Government subsidy, respectively. The minimum payback period was obtained in treatment T10 (3.29 years, 1.26 years) and maximum in T3 (7.54 years, 2.19 years) with no and 50% subsidy, respectively. For the structurally stable naturally ventilated polyhouses as the size increases the benefit cost ratio increases, while the payback period decreases and for wind speed it is vice-versa.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of bioinoculants on raising quality planting stock of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Lovepreet Singh; Sharma, Rajni
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of bioinoculants on raising quality planting stock of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.)” was conducted in fields of Department of Forestry and Natural Resources and Laboratory of Department of Soil Science, PAU, Ludhiana during the year 2019-2020.Seeds were collected from healthy plants of neem (Azadirachta indica) and were given five different treatments viz., Azotobacter (T1) (Nitrogen fixer), Pantoea agglomeran (T2) (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria), Pseudomonas fluorescens (T3) (phosphorus solubilizing bacteria), Consortium 1(T4) (PAU recommended), Consortium 2 (T5) (T1+T2+T3) and control to record their morphological, biochemical and nutrient parameters. Readings were recorded at interval of 3 and 6 months from the seedlings raised from these treated seeds. Among all treatments, Pantoea agglomeran (T2) recorded maximum total plant height (35.00 and 50.00 cm), Collar diameter (26.00 and 76.00 mm), number of branches per plant (22.33 and 29.30), leaf area per plant(1.98 and 4.10 cm2) , root length (12.50 and 14.00 cm), fresh weight of shoot (13.51 g and 20.96g), dry weight of shoot(10.51 g and 16.32 g), fresh weight of root (5.77 and 9.88 g), dry weight root(4.01 and 7.81g) sturdiness quotient(0.86 and 0.47) and seedling quality index(4.30 and 9.49) at 3 and 6 months respectively. The available P (35.90 and 37.83 kg/ha) and (0.36 and 0.37) organic carbon, alkaline phosphatase activity (19.69 and 21.26 µgPNP/g/ha), dehydrogenase activity (12.73 and 14.75 µgTPF/g/ha) from soil and nutrient content of root, shoot and leaf portions of neem seedlings was found maximum in soils treated with microbial Consortium 2 (T5) at 3 and 6 months of seedling growth. Among all treatments, Consortium 2 (T5) recorded maximum nutrient content accumulation in all parts of seedlings. Hence these findings also recommend that the application of Consortium 2 (T5) may be used as biological fertilizer to enhance the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars and nutrient composition of 3 and 6 month old seedlings which will further help in better stand establishment.