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2012 - 20143
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Author: Kamaldeep Kaur × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2010 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    TO STUDY THE PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE CONTAINING METAKAOLIN AND POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE
    (2012) Kamaldeep Kaur
    Concrete is a versatile construction material. For more durable and strong structures, the concrete of high strength is required. To make concrete more strong, pozzolans are added to concrete. Metakaolin ( MK ) is a pozzolana used to achieve the required strength. The present study investigates the characteristics strength of concrete due to partial replacement of cement by MK and addition of polypropylene fibres (PPF). M30 concrete was designed according to BIS guidelines. The investigation was carried out on concrete containing MK and PPF at various proportions of 0%, 7%, 8% and 9% of MK and 0%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 0.8% of PPF. Fly ash (10%) and superplasticizer (0.7%) has been added to improve the workability of concrete. In present study, the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of concrete containing metakaolin and fly ash were analysed. Analysis of cement, metakaolin and fly ash was done with XRD. Samples K0, K4, K8 and K12 containing 0%, 7%, 8% and 9% MK (by weight of cement) respectively at the sample age of 1 day were also analysed with XRD. It has been observed that addition of MK and PPF showed considerable improvement in the strength of concrete especially at the early age of concrete. Further it has been observed that optimum gain in compressive strength is at 8% of MK and 0.8% of PPF. Results of XRD supplement with the results obtained from compressive strength test.
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    TO STUDY THE PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE CONTAINING METAKAOLIN AND POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2012) Kamaldeep Kaur
    Concrete is a versatile construction material. For more durable and strong structures, the concrete of high strength is required. To make concrete more strong, pozzolans are added to concrete. Metakaolin ( MK ) is a pozzolana used to achieve the required strength. The present study investigates the characteristics strength of concrete due to partial replacement of cement by MK and addition of polypropylene fibres (PPF). M30 concrete was designed according to BIS guidelines. The investigation was carried out on concrete containing MK and PPF at various proportions of 0%, 7%, 8% and 9% of MK and 0%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 0.8% of PPF. Fly ash (10%) and superplasticizer (0.7%) has been added to improve the workability of concrete. In present study, the results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of concrete containing metakaolin and fly ash were analysed. Analysis of cement, metakaolin and fly ash was done with XRD. Samples K0, K4, K8 and K12 containing 0%, 7%, 8% and 9% MK (by weight of cement) respectively at the sample age of 1 day were also analysed with XRD. It has been observed that addition of MK and PPF showed considerable improvement in the strength of concrete especially at the early age of concrete. Further it has been observed that optimum gain in compressive strength is at 8% of MK and 0.8% of PPF. Results of XRD supplement with the results obtained from compressive strength test.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    henolic compounds and flavonoids from kinnow peel and their microbial activity
    (Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana, 2014) Kamaldeep Kaur; Uppal, S.K.
    The objectives of the study were to determine phenolics in kinnow peel and to determine its antimicrobial potential. The effect of different solvents (Methanol, Ethanol, Ethyl acetate, Isopropyl alcohol, Dichloromethane and Petroleum ether) for extraction of phenolics were studied. Further, the extraction was done by two methods- Soxhlet extraction and Conventional extraction. Results revealed that yield of kinnow peel extract were higher with methanol i.e. 54.0%, whereas 2.3% in case of petroleum ether extract with Soxhlet extraction. The total phenolic content ranged from 2.37 to 42.78 mg/g DW and total flavonoid content ranged from 0.39 to 5.40 mg/g DW in petroleum ether and ethanolic extract, respectively. Hesperidin which is a dominant flavanone in citrus was isolated and investigated for its antimicrobial potential. Hesperidin was isolated by extracting the peel powder first with petroleum ether and then with methanol and it was confirmed by TLC, IR and 1H NMR. Acetylated Hesperidin was synthesized by reaction of hesperidin with glacial acetic acid and it was identified by TLC and IR spectra. Antimicrobial activity of different kinnow peel extracts, hesperidin and acetylated hesperidin was done by disc plate method against Bacillus sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp. The highest antimicrobial activity was shown by isopropyl alcohol extract with diameter of zone of inhibition of 17mm, 15mm and 16mm at 2500 µg/disc against Bacillus sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp. respectively. Hesperidin was found to be less effective than its derivative. Results showed that all extracts, hesperidin and its derivative could be used as antimicrobial agents except petroleum ether extract. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were evaluated for all extracts, hesperidin and its derivative. The lowest MIC value was obtained for isopropyl alcohol extract i.e.100 µg/disc, 120 µg/disc and 125 µg/disc, whereas MIC value was highest in case of dichloromethane extract i.e. 400 µg/disc, 425 µg/disc and 450 µg/disc against Bacillus sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp. respectively.