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2013 - 20182
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Author: Jassal, Rupinder Kaur × Start date: 1980 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Response of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) to Seed Priming and Seed Rate for Enhanced Growth and Productivity under different Planting Methods
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Jassal, Rupinder Kaur; Harmeet Singh
    The present study “Response of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) to Seed Priming and Seed Rate for Enhanced Growth and Productivity under different Planting Methods” was carried out at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 2015 and 2016. In experiment I, in vitro studies were conducted in Factorial CRB design with twelve seed priming treatments (i.e. control, water soaked, KCl – 50 ppm, KCl – 100 ppm, KNO3 – 0.5%, KNO31.0 %, KH2PO4 - 0.5%, KH2PO4 - 1.0 %, GA3 - 50 ppm, GA3 - 100 ppm, Cytokinin -50 ppm and Cytokinin 100 ppm) for two priming durations i.e. 2 and 4 hour, respectively. Results revealed that 100 ppm GA3 treated soybean seeds for 2 hours recorded better performance under in vitro conditions and recorded significant higher Germiation Perceantage, Mean Germination Time, Germimation Time, Coffecient of Velocity, Vigour Length, Seedling Dry Weight, Root and Shoot Length as compared to other treatments. Experiment II was conducted in RCB Design with these seed priming treatments viz. control, water soaked, KCl – 50 ppm, KCl – 100 ppm, KNO3 – 0.5%, KNO31.0 %, KH2PO4 - 0.5%, KH2PO4 - 1.0 %, GA3 - 50 ppm, GA3 - 100 ppm, Cytokinin -50 ppm and Cytokinin 100 ppm. The results revealed that GA3 used at 100 ppm for seed priming recorded significantly higher plant characters viz. emergence count, plant height, dry matter accumulation, LAI and PARI. A non significant effect of different seed priming treatments was observed at all phenological stages of soybean crop. Symbiotic characters like root nodule count, root nodule dry weight and leghaemoglobin content in nodules were significantly higher in 100 ppm GA3 treated seeds. During both the years, seed yield was significantly higher with treatment 100 ppm GA3 which was statistically similar with 100 ppm cytokinin, 50 ppm GA3 and 50 ppm cytokinin. An increase of 30.6 % in seed yield was recorded with the use of 100 ppm GA3 treated seeds as compared to control or dry seeds this is due to more plant height, dry matter accumulation, LAI and yield attributing characters. N, P and K uptake by seeds and straw at harvest was recorded significantly higher with 100 ppm GA3 treated seeds which was statistically at par with 100 ppm cytokinin. A non significant effect was recorded on the quality parameters viz. protein, oil and starch content with different seed priming treatments. During both the years, gross returns, net returns and benefit cost ratio were recorded higher in treatment 100 ppm GA3 treated seeds. Experiment III was conducted in Factorial split plot design, keeping two planting methods (flat planting and bed planting) and two seed priming treatments (non-primed and 100 ppm GA3 treated seeds as primed seeds) in main plots and three seed rate (50, 62.5 and 75 kg ha-1) in sub plots. The results revealed that under bed planted method significantly higher emergence count, plant height, dry matter accumulation, LAI and PARI was recorded as compared to flat planting method. A non significant effect was observed at all phenological stages with respect to different planting methods. Bed planted crop recorded higher number of root nodule count and significantly higher root nodule dry weight and leghaemoglobin content in nodules as compared to flat planting method. Yield attributing characters viz. pods plant-1, seed pod-1 and 100 seed weight were higher in bed planted soybean crop as compared to flat planted crop. An increase of 15.6 % in seed yield was recorded under bed planted crop as compared to flat planted crop. N, P and K uptake by seeds and straw at harvest was significantly higher in bed planted crop as compared to flat planted crop. Maximum gross returns, net returns and B: C was obtained under bed planted soybean crop as compared to flat planted crop in both the two years. Primed seeds with 100 ppm GA3 recorded significant results in plant characters viz emergence count, plant height, dry matter accumulation, LAI and PARI, earliness in phenological stages, symbiotic characters, yield attributing characters and final seed yield. Primed seeds with 100 ppm GA3 recorded 23.2 % increase in pooled seed yield than non-primed seeds. N, P and K uptake by seeds and straw was also significantly higher in primed seeds as compared to non primed seeds. 100 ppm GA3 treated seeds recorded maximum gross returns, net returns and B: C as compared to non primed seeds. Seed rate of 62.5 kg ha-1 recorded higher plant growth, yield attributing characters and seed yield than 50 kg ha-1 and statistically at par results was recorded with 75 kg ha-1. Pooled seed yield was increased by 4.61 and 12.5 % with 62.5 kg ha-1 than 50 and 75 kg ha-1. Similarly, N, P and K uptake by seeds and straw was recorded significantly higher with with 62.5 kg ha-1 than 50 kg ha-1. Seed rate of 62.5 kg ha-1 recorded maximum gross returns, net returns and Benefit cost ratio than 50 and 75 kg ha-1
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    EFFECT OF PLANTING METHODS AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON THE SEED PRODUCTION OF FODDER MAIZE
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2013) Jassal, Rupinder Kaur
    A field study on “Effect of planting methods and nitrogen levels on the seed production of fodder maize” was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 2012. Three planting methods viz. zero tillage, conventional tillage and bed planting methods and four nitrogen levels viz. 0, 100, 125 and 150 kg N/ha were evaluated in strip plot design with three replications keeping planting methods in vertical strips and four nitrogen levels in horizontal strips. The soil of the experimental field was sandy loam, normal in respect to pH and EC, organic carbon and medium in available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The results revealed that grain yield showed non-significant effect with different planting methods. This was due to same plant height, leaves per plant, dry matter accumulation, leaf area, leaf area index and also same yield attributing characters such as number of cobs per plant, cob length, cob girth, number of grains per plant and 1000- grain weight. Application of 150 kg N/ha produced highest yield of 63.3 q/ha which was 16.3, 28.4 and 66.8 per cent higher than grain yield recorded with 125, 100 and 0 kg N/ha respectively. The grain yield increased significantly up to 150 kg N/ha, due to higher number of cobs per plant, cob length, cob girth, number of grains per cob and 1000- grain weight. The grain yield was maximum under bed planted crop (57.9 q/ha) when 100 kg N/ha was applied and it was at par with 125 but significantly higher than 150 kg N/ha. Maize sown with conventional and zero tillage method gave the higher grain yield (70.4 and 69.5 q/ha) with the application of 150 kg N/ha, which was significantly superior to the 125, 100 and 0 kg N/ha. However in case of stover yield, bed planted method recorded highest yield at 150 kg N/ha, which was at par with 125, 100 kg N/ha, conventional tillage at 125 and 150 kg N/ha and also zero tillage method at 125 and 150 kg N/ha. This showed that planting fodder maize with zero tillage can produced more yield by skipping the tillage operation at the time of planting.