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ThesisItem Embargo Characterization of Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) resistant genotypes and disease dynamics under alternate cultivation practices of wheat(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Jaspreet Kaur; Vineet KumarA set of 1305 genotypes was evaluated against Tilletia indica under artificial epiphytotic conditions during cropping seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-22. After screening for two years, 284 lines were found to be highly resistant reaction and 289 lines showed resistant reaction (0-5% KB infection). Out of 284 highly resistant lines, diversity analysis of 173 Triticum aestivum lines using 70 SSR markers concluded that majority of the lines were different from each other and have potential to be explored for identification of KB resistance loci. The effect of seed and soil borne inoculum under four different tillage methods viz. happy seeder, super seeder, zero tillage and conventional (control) was studied. Super seeder (infected seed in infected soil) showed highest teliospore count (22,580 per 250 g of soil) and lowest count (1602 per 250 g of soil) was observed with zero tillage (healthy seed in healthy soil). There was significant effect of tillage methods on teliospore count. However, no significant difference of sowing dates was observed on teliospore count. The effect of seed and soil borne inoculum on germination revealed that maximum (80.66%) germination percentage was observed when healthy seed were sown in healthy soil using super seeder while minimum germination (52.26%) was observed with infected seed sown in infected soil using happy seeder. The study needs to be undertaken further to confirm the results obtained in the present investigation.ThesisItem Restricted Value addition of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing. through paste preparation(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Jaspreet Kaur; Sharma, ShivaniAgaricus bisporus (button mushroom), most widely cultivated edible mushroom, serves the potential to grow on agricultural wastes. Button mushroom being highly perishable in nature, deteriorates immediately after harvesting. Due to this reason, the fresh mushrooms needs to be processed for extending their availability throughout the year. This can be achieved by implementing adequate post harvesting technology and processing into value added products. Therefore, the present work has been dealt with preparation of mushroom paste for shelf life improvement and utilization of this paste as supplement in pasta and soups and as an ingredient in noodles and cookies. The strain U3 showed maximum yield potential (16.38 kg/q compost) by short method of compost as compared to long method. The different mushroom pastes (MP I, MP II, MP III) were prepared and stored at room and refrigerated temperature in glass containers, plastic containers and tetra-packs. All the mushroom pastes showed acceptable physical, chemical and microbial properties at refrigerated temperature in glass containers followed by tetra-packs and plastic containers. Among these three mushroom pastes, MP I showed higher appearance score in glass containers while MP II showed better color and taste score in tetra-packs at refrigerated temperature. The chemical properties (total soluble solids, total sugars and ascorbic acid) and microbiological count were acceptable for MP I in glass containers at refrigerated temperature. Protein content (7.68µg/ml) was maximum in glass containers for MP (control) followed by MP I up to 15 days. Pasta and cookies prepared from MP I was found to be most appropriate in terms of organoleptic properties. While for preparing soup and noodles, all the mushroom pastes were found to be equally good in terms of all parameters such as color, flavor, texture, taste and overall acceptability. Thus, the preparation of value added products not only extend the shelf life but also enhance the income by value addition and marketing.
