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Author: Arul Selvam T × Start date: 2010 × Thesis Type: M.Tech ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    PROCESS OPTIMIZATION FOR EXPRESSION OF OIL FROM DEHULLED SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) SEEDS
    (PAU Ludhiana, 2013) Arul Selvam T; Tarsem Chand
    Mechanical expression of oil from dehulled sunflower seed is highly desirable as it provides, at low cost, non-contaminated, nutritionally rich press cakes which can be processed into nutritious edible foods. Unfortunately, mechanical oil extraction process suffers from certain drawbacks. The dehulled sunflower seeds obstruct forward movement inside the expeller barrel due to the absence of hull portion and less friction. The main focus of the present study was to maximize the oil recovery and obtain nutritionally rich press cakes from dehulled sunflower seeds using mechanical oil expression. Physical and mechanical properties were studied under four different moisture content ranged from 6-18 % (d.b.). The results showed that the geometric mean diameter, surface area, volume, sphericity and aspect ratio, thousand seed/kernel weight, true density, porosity, the angle of repose, static coefficient of friction and rupture energy were found to be increasing linearly for seed and kernel. Whereas bulk density, initial cracking force and mean rupture force decreased linearly with the increase of moisture content for both seed and kernel under study. Pre treatments in the form of steaming and addition of bio-based friction materials such as rice bran and wheat bran at different levels were employed. Central composite rotatable design was used to generate a set of experiment at different pretreatment levels during oil expression. A statistical model predicted the maximum oil yield efficiency, maximum protein, minimum fibre, minimum residual oil, minimum chlorogenic acid, minimum free fatty acid and minimum peroxide value of dehulled sunflower oil and press cakes at these optimized variable conditions for rice bran incorporation: steaming time of 10 min, steaming pressure of 0.5 kg cm-2 and rice bran incorporation of 13.88g 100g-1 of dehulled sunflower seed. For wheat bran incorporation it was at steaming time of 15 min, steaming pressure of 1.00 kg cm-2 and wheat bran incorporation of 15g 100g-1 of dehulled sunflower seed. Using these variables results are validated under experimental condition in three independent replicates. Rice bran incorporated oil expression gave best results with high desirability value.