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2019 - 201912020 - 20232
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Author: Arshpreet Kaur × Start date: 2000 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    ThesisItemEmbargo
    Development of technology for preparation of low glycemic index pasta from barley
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2023) Arshpreet Kaur; Baljit Singh
    The present study aimed to standardize the process for preparation of low-glycemic index pasta from barley and to study the physico-chemical and functional characteristics of the prepared pasta. Two varieties of barley and six compositions for each variety by using different gums (guar gum, xanthan gum, carrageenan gum) with two different concentration of each gum were prepared. Compared to control, addition of gums in barley flour enhanced the water absorption capacity and swelling power as the level of gums increased whereas a decline in the oil absorption capacity and water solubility index was obtained . Furthermore, addition of gums increased peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity and final viscosity of barley flour . Significant increase in the minimum cooking time of pasta samples was obtained ,with increase in gum concentration. The glycemic index values for barley pasta were less than control while glycemic index of barley – gum pasta decreased as the gum level increased. Based on sensory analysis, both PL-419 and PL-807 barley pasta with 3% gum concentration were selected for storage studies. Moisture content and water activity increased significantly with the progression of storage period. It was observed that pasta prepared with 3% xanthan gum addition in barley flour had lower glycemic index as compared to other gums. However , its low sensory parameters makes it less acceptable while pasta prepared by incorporation of guar gum at 3% level was more acceptable due to its high sensory properties and had lower glycemic index as compared to control. Among all the compositions, enrichment with 3% level of all the gums for both the varieties of barley had highest overall acceptability in comparison to 2% gum addition in barley pasta.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Earthworm abundance and diversity in different cropping systems under organic and conventional farming
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Arshpreet Kaur; Aulakh, R. K.
    Earthworms form an integral part of the soil ecosystem, contributing to the development of soil structure, nutrient cycling, pedogenisis, water regulation and pollution remediation. The present study is an attempt to assess the earthworm abundance and diversity in the different cropping systems (i.e. basmati-wheat, basmati-chickpea, soybean-wheat, moong-wheat) under organic and conventional farming systems in the fields of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The four earthworm species found during the study period are Metaphire posthuma, Lampito mauritti, Amynthas morissia and Travoscolides chengannure. which belong to two families i.e. Megascolicidae and Octochateidae. Out of these Travoscolides chengannure was reported for the first time in Punjab. The results indicate that richer earthworm diversity is found in the organic farming systems as compared to the conventional farming systems. The overall abundance of earthworms (60.4%) in organic farming system was more as compared to the conventional (39.5%) farming system. The present study reveals that the management practices adopted for conventional farming like chemical fertilizers and pesticides had a negative effect on the earthworm population which might be the reason for less abundance and diversity of earthworm species in conventional fields. The correlation analysis of earthworm abundance with the physicochemical parameters of soil in different farming systems has revealed that the abundance of earthworms in organic farming system shows positive but non-significant correlation with pH, nitrogen and potassium levels while negative correlation was observed for electric conductivity, organic carbon and phosphorus. In conventional farming system, significant positive correlation (p≤0.01) was found for organic carbon, electric conductivity and nitrogen.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Electron-acoustic double layers featuring cairns-tsallis distribution of electrons
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Arshpreet Kaur; Parveen Bala
    Plasma is an ionized gas that can be considered as collection of positive and negative charge carriers and has net zero charge. It exihibits various striking nonlinear structures such as solitons and double layers. The nonlinear dynamics of large amplitude electron acoustic double layers in an unmagnetized collisionless plasma consisting of cold and hot electrons has been studied. The electrons are assumed to follows the cairns-tsallis distribution. Sagdeev pseudopotential method has been used to investigate the occurance of large amplitude double layers, focusing on how their characteristics depends upon the different parameters. For the selected range of parameters, it is found that only compressive double layers can exist. Further, the analysis is extended for small amplitude double layer solution by expanding the Sagdeev potential in the weakly coupled plasma limit ( <<1). The upper limits of the Mach number for the existence of double layer are dertermined, and their values are significantly modified in the presence of Cairns-Tsallis distributed electrons. Polarity of the nonlinear structures strongly depends on the nonthermal parameter ( ) and nonextensivity (q) of electrons. Depending on the nature of these double layers, their associated electric fields are thought to be responsible for particle acceleration or deceleration.