Loading...
Thesis
Browse
15 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Biochemical evaluation of immature pods and mature seeds of wild abelmoschus genotypes(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Amandeep Kaur; Sangha, Manjeet KaurIn the present study the immature pods and seeds of wild Abelmoschus species were biochemically characterised. Total carbohydrates in pods varied from 22.34- 93.10% DW. Total soluble sugars (TSS), reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars exhibited range of 13.74- 84.36%, 0.17- 19.41% and 31.25- 64.95% DW respectively. Mucilage, dry matter, ash, crude protein and total soluble protein depicted range of 6.64- 19.64% DW, 11.18- 27.59%, 1.10- 6.94%, 2.13- 6.32% and 0.93- 3.56% FW respectively. Free amino acids range was 0.16- 0.27% (FW). Carotenoids, phenolics, O-dihydroxyphenols and flavonols varied from 4.48- 13.25 mg/100 g FW, 122.95- 412.01 mg/100 g DW, 4.30- 17.99 mg/100g and 63.63- 274.49 mg/100g DW respectively. Vitamin E and C varied from 15.14- 51.24 mg/100 g DW and 41.26- 120.10 mg/100 g FW respectively. DPPH and FRAP activity ranged from 39.74- 62.90% and 4.54- 11.22 mg AAE/g DW respectively. Phytate, oxalate, saponin and tannins depicted variation of 0.65- 2.08% DW, 0.23- 0.63% DW, 0.19- 1.04% DW, and 1.26- 3.30% DW respectively. Seed oil ranged from 10.68-27.61% DW. A. manihot and A. tetraphyllus pods were high in antioxidants, mucilage and low in tannins and saponins. A. moschatus was rich in nutrients in pods and Vit. E, oleic, linoleic acid and minerals in seeds, while A. tetraphyllus possessed high antioxidants and was low in phytate and oxalate and A. mizonagenesis exhibited high seed oil content. These genotypes can be used for improvement of cultivated okra for end product diversification.ThesisItem Open Access Relationship of Mental Health with Suicidal Ideation among Adolescents(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Amandeep Kaur; Kang, Tejpreet K.The study was conducted to assess the ‘Relationship of Mental Health with Suicidal Ideation among Adolescents.’ The study was based on 240 adolescents (i.e. 120 rural and 120 urban) in the age range of 16-18 years. The sample was randomly drawn from four Government Senior Secondary Schools purposively selected from rural as well as urban areas of Ludhiana district. Self-structured general information sheet was prepared to collect the general information of the adolescents. Mental Health Battery by Singh and Sengupta and Suicidal Ideation Scale by Sisodia and Bhatnagar were used to assess the mental health and suicidal ideation of the respondents respectively. Results revealed significant differences in mental health of the respondents. Boys were scoring better than their female counterparts in majority of the dimensions as well as in overall mental health. Significant locale differences existed between rural boys and girls. In suicidal ideation gender differences were found to be significant among rural boys and girls whereas non-significant differences were seen among urban boys and girls. Significant locale differences existed between rural and urban adolescents. Emotional stability, overall adjustment, self-concept, intelligence and better overall mental health made a negative contribution towards suicidal ideation as compared to autonomy and security-insecurity which made a positive contribution towards suicidal ideation among adolescents. In demographic variables, family size and presence of male and female sibling were having a significant and positive relationship with mental health whereas family income was having a significant and negative relationship with the dimension of mental health among adolescents.ThesisItem Open Access Utilization of lemongrass for shelf life extension and flavor enhancement of cookies(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Amandeep Kaur; Amarjeet KaurStudy was carried out on “Utilization of lemongrass for shelf life extension and flavor enhancement of cookies”. Lemongrass was procured from department of Agronomy, washed, sliced and dried at two temperatures i.e. 35 and 500C for 16-18 hrs. Drying temperature which was selected was 500C for 16-18 hours. Lemongrass was ground into powder and analyzed for proximate composition, total phenols and phytochemicals. It was found to contain 8.1% moisture, 9.01% ash, 1.31% fat, 8.6% protein, 7.36% fibre and 65.28% carbohydrates. Total phenol content of powder was 0.13 g/100g as GAE gallic acid equivalent and flavonoids ranged from 0.49 g/100 g powder. The powder was incorporated in cookies at 0, 2.5% and 5% levels. Cookies containing 2.5% of lemongrass powder were found best on sensory evaluation scores. Cookies were stored in high density polyethylene (HDPE) for a period of 6 months. During this period changes in free fatty acid (FFA), moisture content, water activity (aw) and peroxide value (PV) were recorded. Although there was non significant increase in these constituents but cookies were found acceptable only upto 2 months organoleptically. The estimated cost for the cookies was Rs. 211.21/kg and Rs. 211.71/kg, respectively for 2.5 and 5% level of lemongrass incorporation as compared to Rs.210.71/kg for the control.ThesisItem Open Access INTROGRESSION OF crtRB1 AND LcyE GENES FOR HIGH β-carotene INTO QUALITY PROTEIN MAIZE (QPM)(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Amandeep Kaur; Malhotra, Pawan KumarMaize (Zea mays L.) being the queen of cereals deficient in Vitamin A which causes the malnutrition and major health problems. Quality protein maize has enhanced level of the amino acids, lysine, and tryptophan over normal maize varieties. However, QPM varieties are low in provitamin A, a precursor of vitamin A which can lead to vitamin A deficiency in human. In the present investigation, the grain quality of QPM inbred is further enriched for β-carotene by introgressing of crtRB1 and LcyE gene through marker assisted backcross breeding. Rare natural genetic variation of crtRB1 and LcyE gene enhances β-carotene in the kernel by blocking its conversion to further components. Traditional yellow maize though contain high kernel carotenoids, but the concentration of provitamin A is quite low (<1.5µg/g) as compared to the recommended level (15µg/g). Development of biofortified maize enriched in provitamin A, lysine and tryptophan thus holds significant potential in the alleviation of micronutrients. Marker assisted stacking of crtRB1, LcyE and o2 were undertaken in the genetic background of QLM13, inbred of PMH1 hybrid. Foreground selection was carried out using gene-specific primers on BC2F1 population of QLM 13 and background selection was carried out using SSR markers to check the recovery of recurrent parent genome. The plants of favorable alleles (crtRB1 and LcyE) and 88.5-90.1% recurrent parent genome recovery were selected and selfed to generate BC2F2 population. Foreground selection was carried out on BC2F2 population using crtRB1 and LcyE gene-specific markers and plant carrying favorable homozygous allele were selfed to generate BC2F3 progenies. Quality analysis for determination of β-carotene and tryptophan analysis was carried out on BC2F3 progenies. The introgressed BC2F3 progenies possessed a high concentration of provitamin A (1.29–11.75 µg/g) as compared to recurrent parent QLM13 (4.69 µg/g). The selected lines of high beta-carotene and tryptophan content were crossed to reconstitute PMH1 hybrid. Introgressed inbred having contrast for pigmentation in glume base and silk with respective to recurrent parents possess great utility for registration and unambiguous identification in the field.ThesisItem Restricted Allele mining for phospholipase D locus to improve the rice bran quality(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Amandeep Kaur; Kuldeep SinghRice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important staple food for a large part of the world’s population. Rice bran which is a by-product after milling is rich in oil (12–23%), proteins (14–16%), vitamins and crude fiber (8–10%). Rice bran oil is typically an oleic–linoleic type fatty acid and qualifies for good quality edible oil. The primary limitation of rice bran as a source of oil is the presence of highly active lipolytic enzyme Phospholipase D alpha1 (PLDα1) that increases free fatty acids content in the oil and causes the ‘stale flavor’ in the product. The wild relatives of rice constitute a major gene pool for rice improvement. In this study, sequence based allele mining of the gene PLDα1 (6.28 kb) was taken up in wild species of rice to identify potentially novel alleles for bran quality improvement. Differences in expression patterns were also investigated for potential correlation with sequence variation. A representative subset of 86 accessions belonging to 16 wild Oryza species and eight O. sativa cultivars were selected for this purpose. Alignment of the assembled sequence contigs relative to the Nipponbare reference (Os01g0172400) gene revealed the presence of 2555 variations (SNPs and InDels). Highest polymorhism at PLDα1 locus have been detected in the O.officinalis species. Expression profiles in immature grains generated by exon-specific qRT-PCR indicate significant differences in transcript abundance within as well as between the selected accessions and different 3’and 5’ truncated PLDα1 mRNA. Cis-elements identified in the upstream sequences showed variations relative to the reference in low expressing wild species accessions. These results suggest that potential PLDα1 allelic variants are defined by differential regulation at the levels of transcription initiation and/or mRNA splicing. The wild species accessions with variations in protein structures and low expression, identified in the present study, can be further utilized in the breeding programs to transfer desirable allele into elite lines through marker assisted selection.ThesisItem Restricted Genetic diversity analysis using morphological and molecular markers in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Amandeep Kaur; Nirmaljit KaurGenetic diversity for different morphological traits and molecular markers of 26 eggplant genotypes including 6 hybrids was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 2016-2018. The genotypes were characterized on the basis of 34 morphological (21 quantitative and 13 qualitative) traits and 70 SSR markers. On the basis of different quantitative traits by using Mahalanobis D2 statistic, the eggplant genotypes were grouped into six clusters with the maximum genotypes in cluster I (13 genotypes) and minimum in cluster IV and VI (one genotype in each). The maximum inter-cluster distance in quantitative traits was in cluster IV and VI (1328.581) which indicated that the genotypes in these clusters were highly diverse from each other. The minimum inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster I and II (368.376). The intra-cluster distance was maximum in cluster III (267.497) with four genotypes. The intracluster distance for the clusters IV and VI was 0.00, because of single genotype in each of these clusters. On the basis of qualitative traits, the eggplant genotypes were grouped in six clusters and the inter-cluster distances varied between15.78 to 56.43. The maximum cluster distance was in cluster IV and VI (56.431) which indicated that the genotypes in cluster IV (93SN-22-1-1-2) and VI (P-67) were highly diverse from each other. The minimum cluster distance was in cluster III and VI (15.781). The intra-cluster distance for the clusters VI and V was 0.00, because of single genotype in each of these clusters. The intra-cluster distance was maximum in cluster II (12.716) with six genotypes. Forty polymorphic markers amplified, a total of 102 alleles with an average of 2.55 alleles per locus were observed. A maximum of five alleles were amplified by emi03K06 marker. Polymorphic information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.07 to 0.78 with an average of 0.50. The highest PIC value was recorded by emi03K06 (0.78) whereas, it was minimum in emf01L14 (0.07). UPGMA based (similarity coefficient) analysis classified the eggplant genotypes into 4 clusters. Cluster I was further divided into 3 groups (IA, IB and IC). Cluster II (SC-15-2) and IV (BH-2) consisted of one genotype in each cluster. Cluster III contained two genotypes (BL-216 and BR-109). The eggplant genotypes with desirable traits can be used for successful breeding programme.ThesisItem Open Access Deciphering Morpho-physiological traits for drought tolerance of Iranian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Amandeep Kaur; Sarlach, R.S.The present research work on “Deciphering Morpho-physiological traits for drought tolerance of Iranian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces’’ was carried out to explore the genetic diversity of landraces for drought stress tolerance. The study was carried out at wheat laboratory and experimental area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics , Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during two successive growing seasons of 2015-2016 and 2016-2017.To find water stress tolerance among Iranian landraces, they were subjected to different concentration of Polyethylene glycol (2%, 4%, 6%,8%,10%,14%, 16% and 18%). Among these different concentration14% PEG was found to be the suitable dose for screening, stress induced by using 14% PEG solution was best to highlight the differences in the set of germplasm.At16% and 18% most of the lines not germinated .After screening of whole set of Iranian landraces 27 landraces were selected on the basis of vigor index and evaluated under field conditions i.e. Irrigated, restricted irrigated and rain-fed conditions. The experiment was carried out in RBD design with two replications Drought environment was created by with holding of irrigation. Morpho-physiological data on plant height, tillers per meter row length, spikelet per spike, grains per spike grain yield, thousand grain weight, harvest index, chlorophyll content, stay green habit were recorded. On the basis of performance of Iranian lines under field conditions ,IWA 8600064, IWA 8600179 and PETTERSON ML68-10 considered as water stress tolerant on the basis of spikelet per spike, grains per spike thousand grain weight, grain yield and harvest index. The identified landraces can be included in future breeding programmes for the wheat improvement for drought prone areas.ThesisItem Open Access Growth and yield of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] as influenced by growth retardants and sowing dates(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Amandeep Kaur; Harmeet SinghThe present study entitled “Growth and yield of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] as influenced by growth retardants and sowing dates” was carried out at Student’s Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during kharif 2016. The field experiment comprising of sixteen treatments viz., control, water spray, MH @ 200, 250 and 300 ppm and TIBA @ 25, 50 and 75 ppm and two sowing dates (May 15 and May 30) was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications on sandy loam soil which was normal in pH (7.57-7.59) and electrical conductivity (0.139-0.117 dsm-1), low in organic carbon (0.23-0.26%), and available nitrogen (112.4-129.2 kg ha-1), medium in available phosphorus (18.50-21.70 kg ha-1) and available potassium (298.2-310.6 kg ha-1). May 15 sown crop produced significantly higher dry matter, LAI, number of branches, pods and grain yield than May 30 sown crop. May 15 sown produced significantly taller plants and significantly influenced CGR, RGR and LAD. Quality parameters such as N, P, K and protein content in grain and stover remained unaffected by growth retardants and sowing dates. Nodule count and weight of nodule plant-1 were not significantly affected by growth retardants and sowing dates. No effect on phenology of crop and chlorophyll content was observed by either sowing dates and growth retardant treatments. Various growth and yield parameters viz., Crop Growth Rate, Relative Growth Rate, Leaf Area Duration, dry matter, Leaf Area Index, secondary branches plant-1 and pods plant-1 were statistically higher with application of TIBA @ 75 ppm than all other growth retardant treatments and control but was statistically at par with TIBA applied @ 50 ppm. As a result, highest seed yield of pigeonpea (14.4 q ha-1) was recorded with application of TIBA @ 75 ppm although at par with foliar application of TIBA @ 50 ppm but was 22.9 per cent higher than control. Similar increase in stover yield and harvest index was also observed. No significant effect of different growth retardant sprays was found on various quality parameters like nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and protein content of seed and stover.ThesisItem Open Access Dynamics of land use pattern and agricultural production scenario in India with particular reference to Punjab(Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Amandeep Kaur; Kataria, PoonamThe present study, based on secondary data, was conducted to bring forth the over time changes in land use pattern of India with particular reference to Punjab. An attempt was also made to carry out the comparative evaluation of performance of agriculture and to enumerate the potential correlates of land use pattern and agricultural performance parameters in 15 major agricultural states of India for the time frame, 1980-81 to the latest available. India has geographical area of 328.7 million hectares. A close scrutiny of its land use matrix, consisting of three sub-sectors namely ecological sector, agriculture sector and non-agricultural sector, revealed that three states (Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh) have predominance of agriculture sector (more than three fourth of the reporting area). The net sown area of Punjab (2.96 % of the country’s cropped area) accounted for 97.1 per cent of the state’s agricultural land, whereas only 57.7 per cent of Tamil Nadu’s agricultural land was under plough indicating divergent patterns followed by states in the land use matrix. The cropping intensity of India increased from 123.1 per cent in 1980-81 to 138.9 per cent in 2012-13, which was far below the level attained by Punjab (189.6 %) connoting inter-state differentials in the utilization of land potential. The agricultural production performance assessed from production profile of crops crucial for food security, employment potential of agriculture, value of output and Net State Domestic Product from agriculture and allied on net area sown basis also highlighted widespread inter-state differentials. The application of Kendall’s coefficient of concordance testified that the state rankings with respect to selected land use and agricultural production parameters were in conformity (p<0.05) indicating strong association between the land use and agricultural performance parameters. The convergence analysis of agricultural performance proxied by Net State Domestic Product from agriculture and allied activities per hectare of net area sown was carried out for the four time periods:1980-81 to 1989-90, 1990-91 to 1999-00, 2000-01 to 2012-13 and overall study period. The results provided strong evidence of - convergence as indicated by estimated statistically significant coefficient for the period 2000-01 to 2012-13 implying that the states have started giving the signs of convergence post 2000 at the rate 2.7 per cent per year. The analysis has very well established that poor performing states have started catching up with the states, well known for their agricultural advancement and this would in its own right lead to food secure and prosperous India.
