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2018 - 201912020 - 20211
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Author: Akanksha × Start date: 2018 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biochemical characterization of Maize germplasm for starch profile and digestibility characteristics
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2021) Akanksha; Chaudhary, Dharam Paul
    Due to increasing lifestyle problems like- diabetes, high blood sugar and cholesterol, recent studies are extensively diverted towards high amylose and resistant starch. Resistant starch (RS) is that portion of starch that escapes digestion in small intestine and is known to have an array of health benefits. The present study aims at Starch profiling (amylose, amylopectin, starch) and Digestibility characteristics (RDS, SDS, RS) of inbred QPM, Normal and ae maize genotypes. Moreover, a preliminary amylose estimation method, Cut Grain Dip (CGD) method for screening of high amylose is also standardised. The results revealed a variation for starch and amylose profile in QPM, normal and ae maize variants. Moreover, there is a significant positive correlation between amylose content and resistant starch content. ADHAM 15 mutant genotype was found to have maximum amylose and resistant starch content making it significant for producing low glycemic food products. The scanning electron micrographs of three variants having highest, moderate and lowest amylose content also revealed the difference based on granules structure. The Cut Grain Dip Method (CGD) standardised using 21 genotypes indicates it as a rapid and effective preliminary method with R2 0.97, for screening of maize genotypes with varied amylose content.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Avoidable crop losses, Economic Threshold Level and management of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in chickpea
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2018) Akanksha; Ravinder Singh
    Field studies were conducted for two years during rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18 to determine the crop losses, to establish economic threshold level (ETL) and to evaluate the efficacy of various integrated pest mangement (IPM) modules for the management of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in chickpea. The avoidable yield loss of 26.27 per cent was observed in chemical method as compared to 19.59 per cent in mechanical exclusion method over unprotected method. The avoidable crop losses due to H. armigera in chickpea var. PBG 7 was recorded to be 73.50 per cent by insect density method with larval population of six larvae per meter row length. The correlation coefficient for the larval infestation level and the per cent pod damage was significantly positive. However, significantly negative correlation was observed between larval infestation level per meter row and seed yield. On the basis of regression analysis and gain threshold, the EIL and ETL were determined to be 2.086 and 1.56 larvae per meter row, respectively. Among the different IPM modules tested for two years, to test the bioefficacy against H. armigera in chickpea, the treatment with three sprays of indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 66 g a.i. ha-1 was found to be significantly superior over all other biointensive modules and untreated control but was at par with novaluron 10 EC @ 37.5 g a.i. ha-1 > chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 25 g a.i. ha-1 > emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 11g a.i. ha- 1. Results of the study revealed that significantly lowest larval population of zero larvae per meter row, lowest pod damage of 1.41 per cent, highest seed yield of 1950 kg ha-1 and highest C:B of 1:6.9 were found in treatment with three sprays of indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 66 g a.i. ha-1.