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2020 - 20222
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Subject: Zoology × Author: Komalpreet Kaur × End date: 2022 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis ×
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    Development of integrated rodent pest management module for commensal situations
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Komalpreet Kaur; B.K. Babbar
    Rattus rattus is a predominant pest in commensal situations. There is a need to develop a rodent management module for commensal situations for long term solution to the problem. During present study, andrographolide based baits were tested against house rats under laboratory for their toxic and antifertility effects. However absence of toxic and minor antifertility effects of treated baits indicated need to increase the bioavailability of andrographolide in bait. Experiments were also conducted to study the efficacy of different management methods at selected locations for controlling rodent population either by single method/product or by integrating different rodent pest management methods. Testing of a repellent based formulation (RBF) revealed that single treatment with 5 packets (25g each) is effective to reduce upto 60-80% rodent population for 18-36 days in airtight/enclosed conditions. It was also observed that rats do not develop habituation against RBF. It can be successfully used in situations where rats develop trap and poison bait shyness. Cost of one packet of RBF is Rs 11/-.Double trapping for four days was found to be effective to reduce 45 to 80% rodent population in an area ranging from 135 to 200 sq.ft. for three months with six traps at a cost of Rs 300/- only. Rodent proofing provided 82.46-95.29% reduction in rodent activity during the observation period of 96 days after proofing. Integration of trapping with rodent proofing under conditions where complete rodent proofing is not possible, provided long term solution to the problem. Neem seed and andrograppholide based NSA bait was found to be effective as toxic and antifertility agent even under real commensal situations. Overall these results indicated that integration of rodent proofing with trappingranked 1st followed by rodent proofing, RBF, trapping and integration of trapping with RBF ranked 5th in managing rodent population under commensal situations
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    Eucalyptus oil based hybrid nanoemulsions as larvicidal agents against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Komalpreet Kaur; Vashishat, Nisha
    The growing threat of vector-borne diseases and environmental pollution has prompted the nanotechnology based investigations. The present study aimed to use one of the nanotechnological applications with larvicidal potential against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) by preparing aqueous hybrid nanoemulsions of zinc and copper sulfide nanoparticles with non polar nanoemulsion of Eucalyptus globulosa oil by sonication. GC-MS analysis revealed presence of total 22 compounds with major composition of 1, 8-cineole (42.16%) and Pcymene (14.81%). 1:2 and 1:5 ratio of non polar oil emulsion and both nanohybrids were found to be most stable after thermodynamic stability tests. TEM studies of non polar oil nanoemulsion, CuS and ZnS based nanohybrids were found to have average size of 20-40, 80100 and 50-70 nm with spherical, globular and rectangular shapes respectively. The larvicidal activity of prepared nanoformulations were tested at different concentrations (in triplicate) and 70, 6.5 and 9.5 ppm of oil nanoemuslion, CuS and ZnS based nanohybrids were found to be the most effective concentrations as 100% mortality was observed within 24 hours. LC50 and LC90 values were calculated to be 51.95 and 64.21 ppm, 5.00 and 5.81 ppm, 7.63 and 9.22 ppm for non polar oil nanoemulsions, CuS and ZnS based nanohybrids after 24 hrs respectively. The toxicological data was assured by SEM, histological and biochemical results. Under simulated conditions, nanohybrids treatment demonstrated optimum larvicidal potency after 48 hrs of exposure. These nanohybrids did not show toxicity in Scapholebris kingi and Mesocyclops spp. Thus, the following research is a step towards safe and efficient approach against Aedes aegypti