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20162
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Subject: Zology × End date: 2018 × Start date: 2013 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bird community structure in urban, periurban and rural areas of Ludhiana
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Arora, Aakriti; Manoj Kumar
    The major human activities that have transformed the earth include agriculture and urbanization. Habitat structure and complexity are two main components determining bird community and its diversity. The present study was conducted for a period of one year (March 2014-February 2015) to determine the bird community structure in urban, periurban and rural areas of Ludhiana. Highest species richness was recorded in periurban areas (23 species) followed by urban areas (21 species) and rural areas (19 species). Migrant bird species such as Common Hoopoe, Spot-billed Duck and White Wagtail were recorded from periurban and rural locations. House Crow and Blue Rock Pigeon were recorded to be most abundant in urban location while Cattle Egret was recorded to be most abundant in periurban and rural locations. Bird species such as Ashy Prinia, Brown-headed Barbet, Black-headed Munia and Yellow-legged green Pigeon were recorded to be least abundant during the study period. Insectivorous bird species recorded from urban, periurban and rural locations were six, seven and five respectively. Omnivorous bird species recorded from urban, periurban and rural locations were six, seven and seven respectively. Total of Granivorous bird species recorded from urban, periurban and rural locations were six, six and five respectively. Nests of Common Myna, House Crow, Rose-ringed Parakeet and Blue Rock Pigeon were recorded from urban location whereas nests of Hose Crow and Common Myna were recorded from periurban locations. Species diversity was recorded to be highest i.e. 2.61, 2.40 and 2.18 in the month of March (2014), January (2015) and June (2015) in urban, periurban and rural locations respectively. Species Evenness was recorded to be highest i.e 0.92, 0.94 in the month of February (2015) and November (2014) respectively from urban, periurban locations whereas it was recorded to be highest i.e 0.93 in two months of May (2014) and July (2014) in rural locations. It was concluded from the study that food availability is a key driver of differences in avian demography. However, better targeted research and monitoring is needed in the future for precised results.
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    Effects of electromagnetic radiations from cell phone towers on bird community
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2016) Jashanpreet Kaur; Tejdeep Kaur
    Electromagnetic radiations from cell phone towers has become a global concern for its effect on human health and on flora and fauna. This research summarizes the effect of electromagnetic radiations from cell phone tower on bird abundance, bird diversity and nesting ecology of bird species in agricultural fields and in residential areas. Bird observations were recorded within 200 m and 1 km radius of cell phone tower both in agricultural fields and in residential areas of Alamgir and Gill villages of Ludhiana, Punjab, India from May 2014 to April 2015. Species richness was found to be more within 1 km radius as compared to 200 m radius of cell phone tower in both the villages. In agricultural fields of both the villages, Common Moorhen, Black-winged Stilt, Jungle Prinia, and Brahminy Starling were not found within 200 m radius of cell phone tower. In residential areas of both the villages, White-breasted Kingfisher and Cattle Egret were not recorded within 200 m radius of cell phone tower. In both agricultural fields and residential areas of Alamgir and Gill village, no nesting sites were found within 200 m radius of cell phone tower. Within 1 km radius of cell phone tower in both the villages, 2 nests of Red-wattled Lapwing were located in agricultural fields. In residential areas of both Almgir and in Gill village, 3 and 5 nesting sites of Blue Rock Pigeon were located respectively within 1 km radius of cell phone tower. In agricultural fields of Alamgir village, 15 bird species were observed common both within 200 m and 1 km radius of cell phone tower, out of these significant difference was found between the populations of 7 bird species. Twelve bird species were found to be common both within 200 m and 1 km radius of cell phone tower in residential area of Alamgir village, out of these significant difference was found between the populations of 2 bird species. In agricultural area of Gill village, 17 bird species were observed common both within 200 m and 1 km radius of cell phone tower, out of these significant difference was found between the populations of 5 bird species. Eleven bird species were found as common both within 200 m and 1 km radius of cell phone tower, out of these significant difference was found between the populations of 5 bird species. It may be concluded that some bird species were not recorded near cell phone tower even within safe limits of Power density from cell phone tower. Further studies are required to evaluate the species wise effect of electromagnetic radiations of cell phone towers in different habitats.