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20195
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Subject: Vegetable Science × End date: 2019 × Start date: 2019 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Response of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) to drip irrigation and fertigation under mulch conditions
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Jaspreet Kaur; Kulbir Singh
    The present investigation was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm and Biochemical Laboratory, Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana to standardize the optimum moisture regime, NPK levels under drip irrigation and mulch for crop establishment, growth, yield and quality fruit production in muskmelon. Hybrid „MH-27‟ comprised as a plant material. The treatments included three levels of drip irrigation regimes i.e. at 100 per cent crop evapotranspiration (ETc), 80 per cent ETc and 60 per cent ETc along with mulch treatment (silver black polythene mulch and no mulch) under main plot treatments and three level of fertigation i.e. 100 per cent recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 80 per cent RDF and 60 per cent RDF was considered under sub plot treatments resulting in eighteen treatments combinations which were compared with the conventional practices. Drip irrigation at 100 per cent ETc and 100 per cent RDF under mulch improved vine length, number of primary branches, average fruit weight and yield which was statistically at par with drip irrigation at 80 per cent ETc and 80 per cent RDF. Further, it was noticed that yield from different treatments of drip fertigation varied from 168.8 q/ha to 201.8 q/ha which was 16 per cent higher from conventional system. Various quality parameters i.e. ascorbic acid and dry matter content were found to increase with increase in depth of irrigation and fertilizer dose. However, maximum total soluble solids (TSS) were observed with drip irrigation at 80 per cent ETc and 100 per cent RDF. The economic analysis revealed that highest net returns (Rs 130023/ha) were obtained under drip fertigation along with mulch application which was 17.2 per cent higher from conventional system. Thus, it may be concluded from the present investigation that drip fertigation at 80 per cent ETc level and 80 per cent RDF along with mulch application is beneficial to improve productivity and quality of muskmelon with saving of 80.85 water and 20 per cent fertilizer over the conventional method.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Morphological and molecular characterization of CMS lines and their seed production potential in onion (Allium cepa L.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Sharma, Suman; Dhatt, A.S.
    The present investigation entitled „Morphological and molecular characterization of CMS lines and their seed production potential in onion (Allium cepa L.)‟ was carried out in the Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (India) during 2017-2019. The objective was to characterize and study seed set potential of male sterile lines D-10 A&B, D-11 A&B, D-48 A&B, D-73 A&B, D-97 A&B, D-102 A&B, D-121 A&B, D-266 A&B and D-305 A&B having cytotype of A. cepa and D-G404 A&B, D-G407 A&B, D-G408 A&B, D-G413 A&B, D-G414 A&B, D-G416 A&B and D-G421 A&B having cytotype of A. galanthum. In morphological characterization, analysis of variance exhibited significant differences for all 14 quantitative traits. Moderate to high values for coefficients of variation, high heritability along with high genetic advance were observed for bolting per cent (%), polar diameter, TSS, pyruvic acid and lachrymatory factor. D2 statistics formed total six clusters on the basis of 14 quantitative traits. Mean performance of clusters categorized cluster-IV, V and VI good for leaf length, plant height, equatorial diameter, polar diameter and average bulb weight. On the basis of mean performance, D-97 A, D-G414 A and D-266 A CMS-lines gave highest average bulb weight. Out of 36, 12 polymorphic SSR markers grouped all the CMS-lines into two major clusters and four sub-clusters. ACM 091 presented highest PIC value (0.74) and number of effective alleles (4.38). Isogenic nature of male sterile (A) lines and their respective maintainer (B) lines was confirmed both at morphological and molecular level. Seed set potential of these lines was estimated under controlled and open field conditions. Analysis of variance exhibited significant variation for all floral traits. Significant difference between male sterile and its corresponding maintainer line was reflected for androecial traits whereas, gynoecial characteristics viz., ovary length and width did not differ significantly. Though nectar quantity was higher in B-lines than A-lines for both species, but in general, A. galanthum had less nectar than A. cepa backgrounds. The nectar analysis revealed that fructose content (%) ranged from 5.93 to 43.24 and 5.19 to 33.26 per cent and glucose content (%) from 3.32 to 42.65 and 4.96 to 33.50 per cent in A and B-lines, respectively. Syrphid fly predominated over all other pollinators around onion flowers. Preference of honey bees was observed for male fertile (C-line) over male sterile (A) lines due to less nectar in the latter. Seed yield/umbel and seed yield/plant ranged from 0.58 to 3.80 g and 3.28 to 27.89 g, respectively. The quantity of seed was more in A. cepa as compared to A. galanthum lines. The seed yield/umbel showed significant positive correlation with nectar volume (mg/floret), syrphid fly visits/umbel/ minute, glucose and fructose content.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation and seed production potential of European genotypes of carrot (Daucus carota L.) under different agroclimatic conditions of Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Karamvir Kaur; Dhillon, Tarsem Singh
    The investigation entitled “Evaluation and seed production potential of European genotypes of carrot (Daucus carota L.) under different agroclimatic conditions of Punjab ” was carried out at Research Farm (Director Seeds), Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (L1) and KVK Langroya, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar (L2). Diverse European carrot genotypes were characterized by morphological, biochemical and seed production potential during 2018-19. Analysis of variance showed significant differences for quantitative traits with respect to locations, dates of sowing and genotypes. GGE Biplot model was used to produce biplot graphs which display the variability of genotypes and G×E interactions and visualized the stable performance of genotypes for all the quantitative and qualitative characters. Morphological, biochemical and seed production potential of European carrot genotypes were best in second location (KVK, Langroya). Mean values of morphological characters like root length, root weight, root girth and total root yield (kg/plot) was significantly maximum of genotypes viz., Carrot Nantes, P-35, P-41 and Carrot Early Nantes when sown in first week of November. The genotypes such as P-35, P-5, Arka Suraj and P-16 showed significantly higher values in terms of total soluble solids, carotene content and sugar content. The genotypes Carrot Nantes, PCO-4, PCO-6 have significantly higher seed quality and seed production potential when sown in first week of January.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of row spacing and leaf cutting on seed yield and contributing traits in coriander
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Harmanjit Kaur; Arora, Deepak
    The field investigation was conducted to study the effect of row spacing and leaf cutting on seed yield and contributing traits in coriander for two years (2016-17 and 2017-18) at University seed farms, Ladhowal of PAU Ludhiana, India. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with 12 treatments comprising three inter row spacing (30 cm, 45 cm and 60 cm) as main plot treatments and varying number of leaf cuttings (no cut, one cut, two cut and three cuttings) as sub plot treatments and was replicated three times. It is concluded that 60 cm row spacing and one leaf cutting has performed better in case of vegetative growth of plants as maximum number of primary and secondary shoots, thousand seed weight and higher germination percentage was observed in this treatments. Whereas for green leaf yield, 30 cm row spacing along with three leaf cutting has resulted in maximum green leaf yield per hectare (262.77 q/ha) and for higher seed yield (7.1 q/ha), 30 cm spacing along with one leaf cutting has performed best during both the years of study (2016-17 and 2017-18).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Study on growth, bulbing and bolting behaviour of onion (Allium cepa L.) germplasm collected from different latitudes in India
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2019) Srikar, Kosna; Dhatt, Ajmer Singh
    The present study was carried at Vegetable Research Farm, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana in 2017-18 with thirty three onion genotypes from seven different latitudes of India to determine genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis, their stability and adaptability for growth, bulbing and bolting characters under six different environments comprising of six transplanting dates viz. September 21, 2017, October 30, 2017, November 30, 2017, December 30, 2017, February 26, 2018 and March 31, 2018. In all six environments moderate to high GCV and PCV estimates, high heritability coupled with high genetic advance were observed for plant height, number of leaves plant-1, number of rings bulb-1, equatorial bulb diameter, average bulb weight, bolting per cent, bolter height, umbel diameter and marketable bulb yield indicating that these traits can be improved through selection by exploitation of additive gene effects. The phenotypic and genotypic correlation analysis in all the environments showed that marketable bulb yield was positively and significantly correlated with average bulb weight, equatorial bulb diameter, plant height, leaf length, leaf diameter and pseudo-stem diameter therefore an indirect selection for these traits can be practiced for the improvement of marketable bulb yield. However, marketable bulb yield is negatively and significantly correlated with bolting per cent, days to bolting score, bolter height and umbel diameter. Path analysis showed that in all six environments average bulb weight and equatorial bulb diameter had high positive direct effect on marketable bulb yield. Combined analysis of variance revealed that differences among genotypes were significant for all the characters except for pseudo-stem diameter indicating that the genotypes had significant differences for the studied traits; and differences among environments (linear) were significant for all the characters indicating that all the six environments were different from one another. Similarly, genotype × environment interaction was significant for all the characters indicating variable expression of these characters across environments. The genotypes Palam Lohit, DPWO-1, Bhima Shakti and PKR 126 were identified as promising for marketable bulb yield, average bulb weight and equatorial bulb diameter; whereas, the genotype ADR was found promising for average bulb weight and equatorial bulb diameter based upon the mean performance and stability. The genotypes PKR 126 and ADR were found suitable for the environment E1 (September); the genotypes Palam Lohit and DPWO-1 were found suitable for the environments E2 (October), E3 (November) and E4 (December); while, the genotype Bhima Shakti was found to be suitable for the environments E5 (February) and E6 (March) for marketable bulb yield. Whereas, the genotypes Co-On-5, Bangalore rose onion and Arka Bindu are considered most desirable for bolting per cent. The discrimination and representativeness view of the GGE biplot indicated that environment E3 (November) followed by E4 (December) as the ideal environments for bulb production; whereas, the environment E2 (October) was considered ideal for onion seed production. From this study, it can be concluded that due to premature bolting, none of the genotypes from the lower latitudes (8-12 and 12-16° N); and middle latitudes (20-24 and 24-28° N) except from 16-20° N are suitable for marketable bulb yield. However, the genotypes from the higher latitudes (28-32 and 32-36° N) except Yellow Globe and Brown Spanish can be exploited for cultivation in different seasons under sub-tropical conditions of north-western India. This indicates that more emphasis should be laid on the genotypes from higher latitudes (28-32° N) for the improvement in marketable bulb yield under Punjab conditions.