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20175
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Subject: Vegetable Science × End date: 2017 × Start date: 2017 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genotypic response of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) to different seed priming treatments under diverse environments
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Didar Singh; Rajinder Singh
    The present investigation was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm of Department of Vegetable Science, PAU, Ludhiana during January to March 2016 and 2017. The laboratory work was simultaneously conducted in Seed Technology Centre, Office of Director (Seeds), PAU, Ludhiana. The experiment was laid in split plot design keeping two environments (sowing in third week of January and third week of February) in main plot, three genotypes (Hara Madhu, Punjab Sunehri and MH-27) in sub-plot and eleven treatments along with control (hydration, GA3, KNO3, KH2PO4 and ethrel along with placing in wet gunny bags for 24 hours and 48 hours and hydration + FYM for 48 hours) in sub-sub plot. The physiological and biochemical parameters i.e. germination percentage, speed of germination, alpha amylase, total sugars, total protein and DNA content of seedling were recorded in laboratory. The physiological parameters like field emergence, speed of emergence, root length, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index I, vigour index II and post emergence plant mortality were recorded from both the environments of field. The statistical analysis of data showed the superiority of the environment-2 over environmrnt-1 in all the field observations. The cultivar Hara Madhu was most responsive to seed priming treatments in both field and laboratory conditions. Seed priming treatments were significantly better over the control. Treating the seed with GA3 along with placing in wet gunny bags for 48 hours resulted in maximum germination (%), speed of germination, alpha amylase and total sugars content in laboratory. Similarly seeds treated with KH2PO4 along with placing in wet gunny bags for 48 hours gave maximum field emergence (%), speed of emergence, dry weight content, vigour index II in both the environments and DNA & protein content in laboratory while hydration along with placing in wet gunny bags for 48 hours resulted in maximum root length, seedling length and vigour index I.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Assessment of reproductive potential of garlic under Punjab conditions
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Yadwinder Kaur; Dhall, R.K.
    The present study entitled “Assessment of reproductive potential of garlic (Allium sativum L.) under Punjab conditions" was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, during 2012. The first experiment was to study the effect of vernalization on reproductive potential of garlic especially on flowering and its true seed production behaviour which includes bolting behaviour, scape colour, flower colour, bulbil colour, number of bulbils per umbel, scape length and number of seeds per umbel. The thirteen garlic genotypes behaving fertile behaviour under U.S.A (long day) conditions were used in the present study and were given vernalization treatment at 4oC for two months before sowing. In control treatment, garlic bulbs were kept at room temperature before sowing. Highly significant and positive correlation was observed between number of seeds per umbel and scape length (r= 0.99); significant and positive correlation for number of seeds per umbel and number of bulbils per umbel (r=0.58); significant and positive correlation for number of seeds per umbel and scape length (r=0.61). Vernalization of garlic bulbs at 4oC (for two months) resulted in bolting, umbel formation and true seed production in nine genotypes whereas non-vernalized did not result into bolting i.e. no true seed production was observed. Out of 9 genotypes which produce true seeds after vernalization, maximum seed setting was observed in genotypes 5366, 5351 and 5477. Seed received from these genotypes were further sown but they did not germinate. These genotypes can be used in breeding programme, if these are sown under long day conditions. In another experiment, primer (AsLFY) was designed by using reference of already designed primer (gALFY-2). A total of 96 genotypes collected from different sources were used for genotype sequencing to identify SNP but only 73 genotypes among them showed good amplification. After amplification, sequencing of these 73 genotypes was done and SNP (CCGTCG) lied at 301 bp from initiation codon i.e. G for non-bolters genotypes and A for incomplete bolter genotypes and it will help in detecting incomplete bolter and non-bolter genotypes at seedling stage which can be useful for garlic breeding programmes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genotype × environment interaction in potato
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Beant Singh; Sharma, Sat Pal
    In the present study sixteen potato genotypes were evaluated across three environments viz., dehaulming at 70 (E1), 90 (E2) 110 (E3) days after planting in the Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The overall aim of this study was to identify generally stable or specifically adapted potato genotypes for yield, its component traits and tuber quality across three environments. Stability analysis was carried out using Eberhart and Russell’s stability model and GGE biplot analysis. Among the three environments, E3 (110 days crop duration) produced the highest total tuber yield (q ha-1) and marketable tuber yield (q ha-1). Genotype MS/08 1148 recorded the highest total as well as marketable tuber yield in all the three environments. The genotype × environment interactions were found significant for all the traits, except days to emergence and number of shoots/plant. Kufri Pushkar, Kufri Surya, and Kufri Chipsona-1 had the highest stability for total tuber yield. However, for dry matter, genotypes Kufri Surya and Kufri Chipsona-4 and for low reducing sugars Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Frysona and Atlantic exhibited highest stability. Further, MS/08-1148, Kufri Garima and Kufri Pushkar were identified as suitable genotypes for E1, indicating their early bulking capability. While, in environment, E2 and E3, MS/08-1148, MS/06-1947, MS/06-819, Kufri Pushkar and Kufri Pukhraj were found promising with highest tuber yield. For processing traits, Kufri Chipsona-1 was identified in environment E1 whereas, Kufri Frysona, Kufri Chipsona-1 in E2 and MP/04-578, MP/06-39, Kufri Surya, Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Frysona had highest dry matter and lowest reducing sugars in E3. Thus, potato genotypes exhibited differential response to variable environments for yield and quality traits. Further, GGE biplot analysis is very useful tool for identifying specifically adapted genotypes in the target environments for specific traits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on flower induction in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the plains of Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Sharma, Dharmendra; Sharma, Sat Pal
    The present investigation entitled, “Studies on flower induction in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the plains of Punjab” was conducted at the Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana. The effect of extended photoperiod (EP) and silver thiosulphate (STS) on flowering enhancement in 12 normally potato flowering genotypes (set I) and on flower induction in 23 non-flowering potato genotypes (set II) was investigated during short day conditions of autumn-winter season in 2015-16 and 2016-17. In the second season, experiment was carried under polyhouse conditions. In 2015-16 in set-I, EP enhanced flowering in all genotypes, however the extent increase varied with genotypes. Further, EP and STS application had additive effect on all flowering traits across all genotypes in set I. In set II, EP induced flowering in majority genotypes, except Kufri Surya, Kufri Jyoti, Lady Rosetta, FC-3, and Diamond. Similar to set I, STS application had additive effect to that of EP in all the genotypes with variable magnitude. In set I, the flowers of all the genotypes had viable pollens, while in set II, K. Garima, K. Chandramukhi and K. Pukhraj had low pollen viability. Normal berry setting was observed in ten and seven genotypes in set I and set II, respectively. Seeds obtained from these berries exhibited normal germination. In 2016-17, EP and STS enhanced flowering in all genotypes, but impact was very low which can be due to altered quality of light and high initial temperature inside the polyhouse. In the summer season 2016, nineteen selected genotypes that included the genotypes those did not flower in the first experiment were evaluated at Keylong, HP. All the 19 genotypes profusely flowered and had good berry setting. Seeds from these berries had normal germination. Overall, this study exhibited the possibility of flower induction in potato under short day conditions of Punjab using extended photoperiod in combination with silver thiosulphate, but the response was genotype dependant.
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    ThesisItemRestricted
    Heterosis and combining ability studies on yield, quality and storage traits involving bush and butternut type genotypes in pumpkin (Cucurbita moshata Duch. ex Poir.)
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2017) Nishan Singh; Sidhu, Mohinder Kaur
    The present study was conducted in diallel fashion to estimate combining ability and heterosis involving bush and butternut type genotypes of pumpkin. Among nine parents, MSBN 3621-9-3-1 was the best combiner for characters related to bushy growth habit, butternut fruit type and earliness; CFR 2211-2 for number of primary branches, early female flowering, TSS and dry matter; MBN 6242-3-1 (Butternut type) for pulp thickness (0.44) and fruit yield per vine (0.63); MVSR 6711-14-2 for early male flowering and vitamin-C; BN-364 for number of fruits per vine (0.22) and total carotenoids. Among bushy and butternut crosses, number of primary branches, internodal length, early flowering and fruiting, fruit shape index, fruit yield per vine, TSS and dry matter content and vitamin-C were controlled by additive as well as non-additive gene effects and can be exploited through heterosis breeding or recurrent selection. High additive and additive × additive genetic variance for peduncle length, polar diameter, pulp thickness, total carotenoids and total sugar highlighted the exploitation through selection. However, non-additive gene effects for short vine, equator diameter, number of fruits per vine and less average fruit weight suggested use of heterosis breeding. On the basis of significant economic heterosis over PPH-1 and PPH-2, crosses MBN 6242-3-1 × CFR 2211-2 (122.56 and 176.51%, respectively) was best for yield per vine and BUMOV 41212-3-1 × BN-364, PS × BN-364, BUMOV 41212-3-1 × MSBN 3621-9-3-1, MSBN 3621-9-3-1 × MBN 6242-3-1 were best for less fruit weight as well as more number of fruits per vine among bushy and butternut genotypes. On the basis of per se performance, MSBN 3621-9-3-1 × MBN 6242-3-1 (34.76 MT/ha), MSBN 3621-9-3-1 × CFR 2211-2 (33.02 MT/ha), BN-364 × MSBN 3621-9-3-1 (32.07 MT/ha), MVSR 6711-14-2 × MSBN 3621-9-3-1 (30.81 MT/ha) were high yielding bushy hybrids with early maturity and butternut fruits. In character association, vine length was highly correlated with internodal length (0.85) and earliest node to female flower (0.85). Fruit yield per vine was highly associated with average fruit weight (1.00), node to first fruit (0.98) and vine length (0.97), while average fruit weight was influenced with quality traits such as total sugar (0.34) and vitamin-C (0.31).