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20202
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Subject: Soil and Water Engineering × End date: 2020 × Start date: 2020 × Thesis Type: M.Tech. ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of Fertilizer Efficiency of Wheat Under Subsurface Drip Irrigation
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Jha, Ayushi; Siag, Mukesh
    An experiment on nitrogen fertigation of wheat under sub-surface drip irrigation was conducted for two years, 2018-19 and 2019-20, at PAU, Ludhiana. Treatments were laid out in a split-plot design with three levels of sub-surface irrigation and fourth level as surface drip irrigation. The treatments also included four levels of N fertigation including no fertilizer application as control treatment. Impact of the treatments on yield and uptake of N, P and K were analyzed. There was no significant difference in grain yield between irrigation at 100% and 80% ETc and N fertilizer at 100% and 80% RDF. However, the grain yield was significantly lower under deficit irrigation and fertilizer level of 60% ETc and 60% RDF. Higher irrigation and fertilizer levels positively impacted the N concentration in both straw and grains. Even though fixed doses of P and K were applied, increase in N fertilizer level positively impacted P and K concentrations and uptake by 15-18%. Significantly lower levels of N concentration under surface drip irrigation treatment were recorded, but this did not have a significant effect on the yield as compared to that under sub-surface drip irrigation. Additional uptake of N was significantly higher with increase in N fertilizer application, but it did not have a significant impact on additional grain yield between N fertilizer levels of 100% and 80% RDF. For sub-surface drip irrigated wheat, irrigation at 80% ETc and N fertilizer at 80% RDF results in 20% irrigation water and N fertilizer saving. This treatment was considered the best treatment for adoption in Punjab conditions.
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    Catchment Landuse Change Impact on Runoff and Sediment Inflow to a Reservoir in Shivalik Foot-hills
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2020) Prasad, Vishnu; Bhardwaj, Anil
    Landuse change in a catchment modifies the hydrologic processes and affects the capacity and life of water storage and conveyance structures in the downstream areas. In the present study, the impact of catchment landuse change on runoff and sediment inflow to Saleran reservoir located in Shivalik foothills of Punjab has been assessed using RS, GIS and SWAT model. The analysis of landuse maps generated in ArcGIS using Landsat satellite imageries for the years 1999, 2009 and 2019 indicated significant changes in landuse of Saleran catchment during the period of 20 years (1999-2019). Degraded land is the most expanded landuse that increased by 55.28% (78.71 ha) and mixed forests decreased by 12.48% (68.9 ha). The SWAT model was calibrated and validated on an adjacent training watershed (40.28 ha) before its application on the study catchment. The average annual catchment runoff and sediment inflow to the reservoir was simulated to be 14.2 mm and 3.1 Mg/ha (1995-1999), 13.2 mm and 2.9 Mg/ha (2000-2009), and 11.8 mm and 3.37 Mg/ha (2010-2019) per 100 mm of rainfall under the landuse 1999, 2009 and 2019, respectively. The Saleran reservoir filled to its full capacity for 60%, 50% and 40% of the years under landuse 1999, 2009 and 2019, respectively. The mean sediment inflow rate (1995-2019) was 35.55 Mg/ha/yr, which reduced the gross storage capacity of Saleran reservoir by 1.77%, annually. At this rate of sedimentation, the useful life of the dam/reservoir is estimated to be 45 years. The dead storage of the reservoir (29.88 ha-m) completely silted up by the year 2009 and thereafter sediment inflow is occupying and reducing the live storage capacity. The sedimentation has already reduced the live storage of the reservoir by 19.41% (17.49 ha-m) up to the year 2019, leaving only 72.63 ha-m (80.59%) of capacity for storing rainwater. The results of the study indicate that changing landuse have negative impact on the reservoir storage capacity and hence require urgent planning and execution of soil conservation measures in the Saleran catchment.