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Subject: Soil Sciences × Author: Davinder Singh × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    Geo-referenced inventorization and mapping of groundwater quality parameters of Ferozepur district of Punjab
    (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 2022) Davinder Singh; Dhanwinder Singh
    A systematic study was conducted to assess the groundwater quality of Ferozepur district for drinking as well as irrigation purposes. Grid based, 604 groundwater samples were collected from November 2021 to April 2022 and GPS location of each was recorded. The water samples were analysed for pH, EC, TDS, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, F-, NO3-, SO42-, HCO3-, As, B, Se, Cr, Ni, Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn. The spatial variability maps for all these parameters were built using ArcGIS software. Considering these parameters, groundwater quality was evaluated, both w.r.t drinking and irrigation purposes. It was observed that parameters TDS, TH, Na+, K+, Mg2+, HCO3-, NO3-, SO42-, F-, B, As and Se were above their respective acceptable limits for drinking purpose. Among different blocks of Ferozepur district, Ghall Khurd was the most affected block with a considerable number of water samples not suitable for drinking purpose and Mamdot was the least affected one. However, the groundwater was not polluted with heavy metals as the heavy metal pollution index was Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and anions were in the order HCO3- >SO42- >Cl- >F-. According to Gibbs plot and different scatter diagrams, rock-water interaction, evaporation, direct ion exchange process and silicate weathering were the major hydrogeochemical processes affecting the groundwater chemistry in the Ferozepur district. Piper diagram indicated that most of the water was of magnesium bicarbonate type and sodium chloride type. Overall, the water needs proper management practice before drinking use and in areas having marginal quality waters, proper recommendations must be adopted for irrigation use. The study suggests that long term monitoring and proper management must be done, so as to prevent any human health hazard and to get sustained crop productivity in the Ferozepur district.